CCNA - Capitulo 11

CCNA - Capitulo 11

1. ADDRESSING IPV4

   • IPV4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE
     • 32-bit HIERARCHICAL
       • HOST PORTION
         • UNIQUE TO IDENTIFY A SPECIFIC HOST
       • NETWORK PORTION
         • THE ADDRESS MUST BE IDENTICAL
           • 192.168.0.0/24
         • 0 IN THE HOST PART
         • IS CALLED ALSO SUCH PREFIX OR NETWORK PREFIX
     • SUBNET NETMASK
       • TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE NETWORK ADDRESS?
         • IDENTIFY THE NETWORK PORTION AND HOST PORTION
         • BOOLEAN / DIGITAL LOGIC - AND LOGICAL
           • HOW IT WORKS ?
             • COMPARASION OF TWO BITS . ONLY A 1 AND 1 PRODUCES 1
               • DEVICES COMPARE THEIR BIT FOR BIT
                 • HOST IP
                 • SUBNET MASK
           • WHAT IT DOES
             • TRUE
               • 1 AND 1
             • FALSE
               • 1 AND 0
       • IMPORTANT ADDRESSES FOR DETERMINING NETWORK CALCULATION
         • HOST ADRESS
           • FIRST USABLE HOST
             • FIRST ADDRESS AFTER THE NETWORK ADDRESS
             • THIS FIRST HOST WHITIN A NETWORK HAS ALL 0 BITS WITH THE
               • LAST (RIGHT-MOST) BIT AS A 1 BIT
           • LAST USABLE HOST
             • ADDRESS BEFORE THE NETWORK ADDRESS BROADCAST
             • THIS LAST HOST WHITIN A NETWORK HAS ALL 1 BITS WITH THE
               • LAST (RIGHT-MOST) BIT AS A 0 BIT
           • CAN BE ASSIGNED HOST COMPUTER , LAPTOP , SMARTPHONE , WEB CAMERA , PRINT , ROUTER
           • CAN HAVE ANY COMBINATION OF BITS IN THE HOST PORTION
             • EXCEPT FOR ALL 0 BITS (NETWORK ADDRESS )
             • EXCEPT FOR ALL 1 BITS (NETWORK ADDRESS )
         • NETWORK ADDRESS
           • SAME BROADCAST DOMAIN AS OTHER HOSTS
           • SAME SUBNET MASK AS THE NETWORK ADDRESS
           • SAME NETWORK BITS AS THE NETWORK ADDRESS
           • FIRST ADDRESS IN THE RANGE
           • LOWEST
           • ALSO CALLED AS A PREFIX OR NETWORK PREFIX
         • BROADCAST ADDRESS
           • LAST ADDRESS IN THE RANGE
           • HIGHEST
           • REACH ALL DEVICES ON THE IPV4 NETWORK
           • NETWORK BROADCAST ADDRESS HAS ALL 1 BIT IN THE HOST PORTION
           • CANNOT BE ASSIGNED TO A DEVICE
       • HOW IS IT REPRESENTED?
         • 1) IS A CONSECUTIVE SEQUENCE OF 1 BITS FOLLOWED BY CONSECUTIVE SEQUECE OF 0 BITS
         • 2 ) THE PREFIX LENGHT
           • ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF IDENTIFYING A SUBNET MASK
           • IS THE NUMBER OF BITS SET TO 1 IN THE SUBNET MASK
           • /8 ; 16 ; 24
           • "SLASH NOTATION" /
       • IS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE THE NETWORK PORTION FROM THE HOST PORTION OF AN IPV4
     • SUBNET
       • WHATS IS A CREATE ?
         • USING ONE OR MORE HOSTS BITS AS NETWORK BITS
           • THE MORE HOSTS BITS THAT ARE BORROWED
             • 1 - MORE SUBNETS CAN BE DEFINED
             • 2 - REDUCES NUMBER OF HOSTS PER SUBNET
       • WHAT IS A SUBNET ?
         • IT IS THE PROCESS OF DIVIDING THE NETWORK INTO SEVERAL SMALLER OR LARGER NETWORKS
       • MINIMIZE UNSED IPV4 ADDRESS AND MAXIMIZE SUBNET
       • VARIABLE LENGHT SUBNET MASK (VLSM)
         • SUBNETS DO NOT HAVE TO BE EQUAL SIZES
         • AVOID WASTING ADDRESSES
       • DEVICE ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT
         • END USER CLIENTS
           • DHCP
             • ATTENTION TO LEASE TIME
         • SERVERS AND PERIPHERALS (PRINTERS , VOIP)
           • STATIC IP ADDRESS
         • SERVERS THAT ACESSIBLE FROM THE INTERNET
           • STATIC IP ADDRESS
         • INTERMEDIARY DEVICES
           • NETWORK MANAGEMENT , MONITORING AND SECURITY
           • STATIC IP ADDRESS
         • GATEWAY
           • STATIC IP ADDRESS
           • LOWEST OR HIGEST IP ADDRESS IN THE NETWORK - BEST PRATICES