Using Research Instruments

Using Research Instruments

1. Questionnaires

   • Is the favoured tool of research, and it can often provide a cheap and effective way of collecting data in a structured and manageable form.
   • Types
     • Closed questions
     • Multiple-choice questions
     • Open-ended questions

2. Interviews

   • A interviews obtained detailed information about a topic or subject. Is aconversation between two people, with orchestrating, directing and controlling to varying degrees.
   • Types
     • Unstructured interview
     • Semi-structured interview
     • Structured interview

3. Content analysis

   • Is an extremely broad area of research – its coverage includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches to analysis. We To analyse text and solve issues of disputed authorship of academic papers.
   • Types
     • Relational analysis
     • Conceptual analysis

4. Focus groups

   • Is a carefully planned and moderated informal discussion where one person’s ideas bounce off another’s creating a chain reaction of informative dialogue.

5. Observations

   • It is research in a period of interaction between the researcher and the subjects, during which time data, in the form of field notes, are unobtrusively and systematically collected.