CONNECTORS

CONNECTORS

1. CAUSES AND RESULTS

   • Because: because + subject + verb/ because of + noun-pronoun
   • So: "I wasn`t listening, so I don`t know what he said"
   • Since/as: "Since/ us we don`t have much time, we`ll have to hurry"
   • Therefore: "We`d lost our tickets. Therefore, we couldn`t see the show"
   • Due to/owing to/ in view of/ on account of: Due to/owing to/ in view of/ on account of + noun- pronoun/ Due to/owing to/ in view of/ on account of + the fact that + subject + verb
   • Then: -"There are no buses at this time of night. -Then we`ll have to get a taxi"
   • As a resukt: as a result + subject + verb/ as a result + -ing/ as a result of + noun- pronoun

2. CONTRASTS

   • Although/ though/ even though: "Although/ though/ even though her job is hard, her salary is very low"
   • Whereas: "Whereas I like sport, my friends hate it."
   • However/ though: "Herjob is hard. Her salary is low however/ though
   • Even though/ nevertheless: "I know he has some bad habits, even though/ nevertheless you shouldn`t be so rude to him
   • While: "My brother is good at sciences while I am good at languages"
   • Yet: "Her job is hard. Yet her salary is low"
   • On the other hand: "It is a nice place to visit. On the other hand, it is rather expensive"

3. EXCEPTIONS & ADDITIONS

   • Apart from: "Apart from going to the shop, i have done nothing today"
   • Except/ but: "Except for going to the shop, I have done nothing today"
   • No choice: "i have got no choice but to start again"
   • Apart from/ as well as: "She works in the evening as well as working all day"
   • In addition to: "In addition to running the departament, she has responsability for staff training
   • Besides: "Besides eating too much, he also gets far too little excercise
   • On top of: "On top of having to do a lot of school work, she also does a lot of sport
   • Also: "I cooked the meal and also I washed up afterwards"
   • Not only... also: "I not only cooked the meal, I also washed up the afterwards"
   • Too/ as well: "I cooked the meal and I washed up afterwards, too/as well"
   • Furthermore /moreover: "The room I was given at your hotel was unsatisfactory. Furthermore, the service was very poor"

4. ALTERNATIVES

   • Instead of: "Instead of taking a bus, I walked"
   • Rather than: "Rather than waste any more time, I gave up"
   • Otherwise: "If I see her today I will tell her. Otherwise, I will call her later"
   • Else: "Is there anything else you`d like to know?"
   • Whether: "You will have to pay, whether you like it our not"
   • Either: "You either love her or you don`t.