Programming Language

Programming Language

1. Programming is the process of writing a program using a computer language

   • Program is a set of intrutions which a computer uses to do a specific task.
     • Languages
       • Low-level languages
         • Low-level languages consists in symbolic languages such as "assembly languages" which uses abbreviations to represent instrutions and the machine code which consist only by binary terms.
         • High-Level languages
           • High-level language are closer to human languages, which makes programming easier. Some examples of high-level languages are:  C, COBOL and Java.
           • Make-up languages
             • Make-up languages are used to create web documents. Example: HTML, CSS.
             • Steps in writing a program
               • Analyze the problem
                 • Try to understand the problem and define the purpose of the problem.
                 • Create a flowchart
                   • Flowchart is a diagram which shows the sucessive logical steps of the program
                   • Coding
                     • Coding is the action of write the program, using high-level language.
                     • Testing
                       • Testing is the action of running a program to see if works properly.
                       • Debugging
                         • Debugging or bug fixing is for detect bugs and correct them.
                       • Documenting and maintaning
                         • Documenting is making a detailed description of how the program works. Maintenance reports from users are used for improve the program and after it has been improved, they release it as an update version.
                         • History of programming languages
                           • First Programming Language: ADA
                             • The first programming language was created by Ada Lovelace to help Charles Babbage with his invention Differencial Machine. Source: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguagem_de_programa%C3%A7%C3%A3o
                             • First High-Level Language: Plankalkül
                               •  Plankalkül was the first high-level language designed for a computer and was created in between 1943 and 1945 for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankalk%C3%BCl
                               • First Imperative High-Level Language: Fortran
                                 • Fortran was the first imperative programing language, designed by IBM in 1950 for scientific and engineering applications. Most of high-level languages used nowadays are imperative. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran