Developmental Sequences in Second Learner

Developmental Sequences in Second Learner

1. GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES

   • There are OBLIGATORY CONTEXTS
     • Which are placed where the morpheme is necessary to make grammatically correct a sentence.
       • They have a similar order to L1S´ developmental sequence
     • Every obligatory context has a separated grammatical morphemes
       • What is the percentage accuracy for each morpheme?
         • This is the result between the number of correctly supplied morphemes by the total number of obligatory contexts
           • To create an accuracy order for the morphemes
   • are influenced by learners´first language

2. It is a stable process related with L2s´ cognitive development.

   • It has some similar sequences to the first language acquisition

3. NEGATION

   • This is a little different from L1 stages
     • Stage 1
       • "No" is preferred to indicate negation
         • This word is placed before the element being negated
           • Example: No bicycle. (noun) I no like i. (verb)
     • Stage 2
       • "Dont" is used instead of no or not
         • but it isn´t used with the correct number person or tense
           • "Dont" can also be used with modals
             • Example: I don´t can sing
           • He don´t like it
     • Stage 3
       • Negative elements are placed after "are" "is" "can"
         • You can not play.
         • Don´t is still not used appropiately
           • She don´t like it
     • Stage 4
       • "Don´t" is used correctly
         • It "doesn" work
       • There is confussion between the auxiliary and the verb
         • I didn´t were there

4. QUESTIONS

   • Stage 1
     • Single words dogs?
   • Stage 2
     • Declarative words with rising entonation
       • There is no inverted order
   • Stage 3
     • There is fronting with "do" but there isn´t front with "wh"
   • Stage 4
     • There is inverted order with "wh" questions
   • Stage 5
     • There is inversion with wh questions with the auxialiary and the main verb
   • Stage 6
     • Complex Questions

5. POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS

   • Stage 1 Pre-emergence
     • "your" is used for all persons, genders and numbers
   • Stage 2 Emergence
     • There is a strong preference to use his or her
   • Stage 3 Post-emergence
     • Differenciate use of "his" "her" but not when the object has a natural gender
       • At the end, learners will achieve error-free use or his and her

6. RELATIVE CLAUSES

   • Are learned when they refer to nouns in the subject and direct object positions
     • ACCESSIBILITY HIERARCHY
       • Indicates the apparent ease with which learners have acess to certain structures in the target language
         • L1 influences the acquisition of Relative clauses
           • It will be difficult if the learners don´t have a particular cluuse type in L1
           • Learners can avoid using English relative clauses if L1 has a different way to create them
           • L1 influence is seen in the errors learners make

7. REFERENCE TO THE PAST

   • Learners with a limited language refer to events in the order they occurred
     • Learners start attaching a grammatical morpheme to use the verb in past tense
       • There is an overgeneralized use of the regular past form of the verbs
         • Past tense forms of irregular forms are used correctly

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