mapa conceptual

mapa conceptual

1. They are molecules that have a high molecular mass, formed by a large number of atoms. They are the repetition of one or a few minimal units or monomers, forming the polymers. They can be linear or branched.

   • Carbohydrates
     • These molecules are formed by three fundamental elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Its main function is contribute in the storage and the obtaining of energy, mainly to the brain and the nervous system.
       • Monosaccharides(1): Can be in opener chain and ring-shaped. (Fructose, galactose, glucose)
         • aldoses:an aldehyde as carbonyl group
         • Ketones: a keto as a carbonyl group
       • Oligosaccharides(3-10)
         • Disaccharide
         • Trisaccharide
           • Three carbons: triosas (glyceraldehyde) Four carbons: tetroses (erythrosa) Five carbons: pentose (ribose) Six carbons: hexose (glucose) Seven carbons: heptose (sedoheptulose) Nine carbons: nonasas (neurominic acid)
       • polysaccharide(10-more)
         • Starch, glycogen, cellulose
       • Isomers: it has the same formula but different structure position Epimeros: different structure in carbon number Enantiomers: isomerism in structures
   • Protein
     • -Proteins are molecules formed by amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. -Proteins account for about half the weight of body tissues, and are present in all cells of the body. -They are participating in all biological processes, and they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
       • Non-polar (hydrophobic) Polar (hydrophilic) Basic (+) acid(-)
         • Essential amino acids: required from the diet. Non-essential amino acids: produced by the organism
       • Aliphatic Aromatic Sulfur Hydroxyls
         • Primary: sulfuric, linear bridge Secondary: hydrogen bridge (alpha helix, beta folded sheet) Tertiary: hydrophobic interaction (globular, fibrous) Quaternary: gives rise to protein Naturalization: May return to its original form at room temperature. Denaturation: a protein is disarmed at extreme temperatures and ph
       • Functions: -structural: support (collagen, elastin, keratin) -enzyme: catalyst (proteases, lipases, amylase) -regulator: balance (rhodopsin, insulin) -defensiva: antibodies and complement -transport: Hemoglobin, myoglobin, albumin -Contractile: myosin, actin -reserva: albumin -receptor: identifies when a substance arrives
   • Lipids
     • - Group of heterogeneous substances that have as main characteristic to be hydrophobic (Insolubles in water). They are small molecules that tend to be associated by non-covalent forces. -They are compounds formed by C and H to a lesser extent O, although they can also contain P, S and N. They have amphipathic character, since the fatty acids have two different zones; The carboxyl group is polar and the region of the hydrocarbon chain is non-polar.
       • Saponifiable
         • simples
           • Acylglyceride acids
           • Cider acids
           • Saturated fatty acids
           • Unsaturated acids
         • Compounds
           • Phospholipids
           • glucolipids
           • Sulpholipids
       • Unsaponifiable
         • Terpenes
         • Steroids
         • Eicosanoids
   • nucleic acids
     • They are organic compounds of high molecular weight, formed by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. They fulfill the important function of synthesizing the specific proteins of the cells and of storing, duplicating and transmitting the hereditary characters. Nucleic acids, represented by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid
       • purines
         • Adenine
         • Guanine
       • Pyrimidines
         • Cytokine
         • Thymine