Science VS Pseudoscience

Falsifiability
1. Science
  1. Hypothesis tested by what is seen
    1. Observations
    2. Experiments
    3. Empiricism
  2. Hypothesis can be proven wrong (falsified)
2. Psuedoscience
  1. Theories/hypothesis not based on empiricism
    1. Opinions
    2. Speculation
    3. Belif
  2. Hypothesis difficult to falsify
3. Paranormal psychology
  1. Some explanations cannot be tested empirically
    1. e.g. Psychic waves
  2. When empirical tests are possible, explanations are given for negative results
    1. Psi phenomenon not appearing
      1. negative vibes (shyness effect)
      2. Time of day is wrong
      3. Subject is having a bad day
Control
1. Science
  1. highly controlled conditions help control unwanted factors
  2. Can test effect IV has on DV and find causal relationships
2. Pseudoscience
  1. Many hypothesis are not capable of being tested under controlled conditions
    1. Concepts too vague
    2. Concepts impossible to execute
3. Paranormal psychology
  1. psychic phenomena cannot be tested under controlled conditions
    1. Ghosts
    2. Alien abductions
    3. Poltergeists
  2. Randi
    1. Psi phenomena not tightly controlled are prone to confounding variables
      1. Fraud
      2. Experimenter effects
      3. environmental factors
Replication
1. Science
  1. Controlled experiments are often replicated by other researchers
    1. Check reliability of results
2. Pseudoscience
  1. Difficult to replicate due to poor design
    1. Excuse is research not capable of being tested
3. Paranormal psychology
  1. Some phenomena cannot be replicated
    1. Ghosts
    2. Alien abductions
  2. Many psi phenomena are tested under tight replicable conditions
    1. Ganzfeld
Peer review
1. Science
  1. Submit research to be scrutinised by others
    1. Before journal publication
    2. Identifies errors and fraud
2. Pseudoscience
  1. Often skip peer review
  2. Publish work in non-scientific sources
    1. Books
    2. Internet
    3. Magazines
3. Paranormal Psychology
  1. Not all avoids process of peer review
  2. publish findings in parapsychology journals
Pseudoscience
1. False science
2. Based on emotion rather than logic
3. Methodologically flawed and not replicable
4. Dismissive of counter evidence
5. Not published in peer review journals
6. Vague with specialist terms
Science
1. Objective
2. empirical
3. Replicable
4. Rational
5. Falsifiable

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Science VS Pseudoscience

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	Created by lauren9991 over 10 years ago