The Internet

Annotations:

• Internet The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

1. Infastructure

   Annotations:

   • Infastruktuur Internet infrastructure is a collective term for all hardware and software systems that constitute components in the operation of the Internet.
   1. Internet Service Provider

      Annotations:

      • internetiteenuse pakkuja An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services accessing and using the Internet.
   2. Peering

      Annotations:

      • Peering Peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the users of each network
   3. Internet transit

      Annotations:

      • Interneti-transiit Internet transit is the service of allowing network traffic to cross or "transit" a computer network, usually used to connect a smaller Internet service provider (ISP) to the larger Internet.
   4. Access

      Annotations:

      • Internetiühendus Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, mobile devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web
      1. Modem

         Annotations:

         • Modem A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a network hardware device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information. 
      2. Broadband

         Annotations:

         • Lairibaühendus A high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.
      3. Wi-Fi

         Annotations:

         • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi or WiFi is a technology for wireless local area networking.
      4. Satellite

         Annotations:

         • Sateliitinternet Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communications satellites. 
      5. Mobile telephony

         Annotations:

         • Mobiiltelefonside Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location.
         1. 3G

            Annotations:

            • Kolmanda põlvkonna mobiilside 3G, standing for third generation, is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology.
         2. 4G

            Annotations:

            • Neljanda põlvkonna mobiilside 4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology,
2. Service

   Annotations:

   • Võrguteenus A network service is an application running at the network application layer and above, that provides data storage, manipulation, presentation, communication or other capability which is often implemented using a client-server or peer-to-peerarchitecture based on application layer network protocols.
   1. World Wide Web

      Annotations:

      • Veeb The World Wide Web is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
      1. Web browser

         Annotations:

         • Brauser  A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
         1. Search Engine

            Annotations:

            • Otsingumootor A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.
      2. Hyperlink

         Annotations:

         • Hüperlink A hyperlink is a reference to data that the reader can directly follow either by clicking, tapping, or hovering.
      3. URL

         Annotations:

         • Internetiaadress A Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
      4. Web page

         Annotations:

         • Veebileht A web page is a document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and web browsers.
         1. HTML

            Annotations:

            • HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.
         2. JavaScript

            Annotations:

            • JavaScript JavaScript is an interpreted programming or script language from Netscape used in Web site development.
         3. CSS

            Annotations:

            • CSS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language.
      5. Online shopping

         Annotations:

         • Internetikaubandus Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.
      6. Online advertising

         Annotations:

         • Internetireklaam Online advertising is a form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers. 
      7. Social Media

         Annotations:

         • Sotsiaalmeedia Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.
   2. Communication
      1. Email

         Annotations:

         • Email Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronics.
      2. Internet telephony

         Annotations:

         • Internetitelefon Voice over Internet Protocol (also voice over IP, VoIP or IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.
   3. Data transfer
      1. File sharing

         Annotations:

         • Failide jagamine File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books.
      2. Streaming media

         Annotations:

         • Voogedastus Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider
         1. Live streaming

            Annotations:

            • Otseülekande tegemine Live streaming refers to online streaming media simultaneously recorded and broadcast in real time to the viewer.
3. Protocol suite

   Annotations:

   • Internetiprotokollistik The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. (Essentially, Internet protocols are the backbone of the Internet. They define how everything works. Sending e-mail, live streaming etc are all handled by internet protocols.)
   1. Application layer

      Annotations:

      • Rakenduskiht An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network.
      1. DNS

         Annotations:

         • Domeeninimede süsteem The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.
      2. TFTP

         Annotations:

         • Triviaalne failiedastusprotokoll Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple lockstep File Transfer Protocol which allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote host
      3. TLS/SSL

         Annotations:

         • Transpordikihi turbeprotokoll Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), both frequently referred to as "SSL", are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network.
      4. FTP

         Annotations:

         • Failiedastusprotokoll The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. (It helps to transfer files between computers)
      5. HTTP

         Annotations:

         • Hüperteksti edastusprotokoll The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems.
      6. IMAP4

         Annotations:

         • Internetisõnumitele juurdepääsu protokoll The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.
      7. POP3

         Annotations:

         • Postkontoriprotokoll In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.
      8. SIP

         Annotations:

         • Seansialustusprotokoll  The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a communications protocol for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of Internet telephony for voice and video calls, in private IP telephone systems, as well as in instant messaging over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
      9. SMTP

         Annotations:

         • Lihtne meiliedastusprotokoll Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (email) transmission. 
      10. SNMP

          Annotations:

          • Lihtne võrguhaldusprotokoll Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet-standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior.
      11. SSH

          Annotations:

          • Turvakest Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network.
      12. Telnet

          Annotations:

          • Telnet Telnet is a protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.
      13. RTP

          Annotations:

          • Reaalaja-transpordiprotokoll The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP networks.
   2. Transport layer

      Annotations:

      • Transpordikiht In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet Protocol Suite and the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).
      1. TCP

         Annotations:

         • Edastusohje protokoll TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation via which application programs can exchange data. 
      2. UDP

         Annotations:

         • Kasutajadatagrammi protokoll UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) used primarily for establishing low-latency and loss tolerating connections between applications on the Internet.
   3. Internet layer

      Annotations:

      • Internetikiht The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport datagrams (packets) from the originating host across network boundaries, if necessary, to the destination host specified by an IP address which is defined for this purpose by the Internet Protocol (IP).
      1. IP

         Annotations:

         • Internetiprotokoll The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.
         1. IPv4

            Annotations:

            • IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth revision of the Internet Protocol and a widely used protocol in data communication over different kinds of networks
         2. IPv6

            Annotations:

            • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is an Internet Protocol (IP) used for carrying data in packets from a source to a destination over various networks. IPv6 is the enhanced version of IPv4 and can support very large numbers of nodes as compared to IPv4.
      2. ICMP

         Annotations:

         • Interneti kontrollsõnumiprotokoll ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is an error-reporting protocol network devices like routers use to generate error messages to the source IP address when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets.
      3. IGMP

         Annotations:

         • Interneti-grupi haldusprotokoll The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is an Internet protocol that provides a way for an Internet computer to report its multicast group membership to adjacent routers. 
   4. Link layer

      Annotations:

      • Lülikiht The link layer is the group of methods and communications protocols that only operate on the link that a host is physically connected to.
      1. ARP

         Annotations:

         • Aadressiteisenduse protokoll Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network.
4. Security

   Annotations:

   • Interneti turvalisus Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often involving browser security.
   1. Malware

      Annotations:

      • Kurivara Software which is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain authorized access to a computer system.
   2. Surveillance

      Annotations:

      • Interneti järelevalve Internet surveillance is the monitoring of data being transferred over the Internet
   3. Censorship

      Annotations:

      • Tsensuur internetis Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative.