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muscular system

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GCSE P.E Mind Map on muscular system, created by esmewood on 07/12/2014.
esmewood
Mind Map by esmewood, updated more than 1 year ago
esmewood
Created by esmewood almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

muscular system
  1. short term effects
    1. 1. when exercise demand for oxygen is higher
      1. 2. waste products are created
        1. 3. blood is pumped to try and get rid
          1. 4. demand is too high = lactic acid
            1. 5. regular exercise = cope with demands better
            2. long term effects
              1. muscles grow in strenth and size
                1. hypertrophy = muscle mass increase
                  1. lower risk of injury
                    1. more power
                    2. isometeric - contraction is an increase in tension but length does not alter
                      1. isotonic - contraction is limb movement
                        1. muscle atrophy - stop in strength training = loss of muscle mass
                          1. injury
                            1. tear, strain or pull
                              1. muscle fibres tear from atachement to a tendon
                              2. to reduce do warm up
                                1. RICE
                                  1. Rest - stop training
                                    1. ice - cold to injury = pain relief
                                      1. compresson - pressure to injury so limits swelling
                                        1. elevation - raise injury reduces swelling
                                      2. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
                                        1. flexion - decrease angle at joint
                                          1. bicep flex at elbow
                                            1. abs - flex at hip
                                              1. hamstring flex at knee
                                              2. extension - increase angle of joint
                                                1. tricep - extend at elbow
                                                  1. quad extend at knee
                                                    1. gluteus extend at hip
                                                      1. gastrocnemius - extend at knee
                                                      2. abduction - take away from centre line
                                                        1. deltoids abduct at shoulder
                                                        2. adduction - add to centre line
                                                          1. pectorals adduct at shoulder
                                                            1. trapezius adduct at shoulder
                                                              1. lattimuss dorsi adduct at shoulder
                                                            2. antagonistic pairs
                                                              1. origin - where muscle is fixed
                                                                1. insertion - where muscle moves
                                                                2. muscle types
                                                                  1. cardiac
                                                                    1. automatically works
                                                                      1. heart
                                                                        1. involutary
                                                                          1. never rests
                                                                          2. involutary
                                                                            1. works automatically
                                                                              1. not controlled
                                                                                1. intestines & blood vessels
                                                                                2. volutary
                                                                                  1. controlled
                                                                                    1. attach to skeleton & provides shape
                                                                                  2. fibres
                                                                                    1. fast twitch
                                                                                      1. quicker & stronger
                                                                                        1. short bursts
                                                                                          1. short term power
                                                                                          2. slow twitch
                                                                                            1. replace oxygen supplies when working
                                                                                              1. less violent
                                                                                                1. long periods of time
                                                                                              2. concentric - shortens & flattens
                                                                                                1. eccentric - lengthens & flattens

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