sustainable development

sustainable development

1. 1987: world conference on Environment and development Published a report on '' our common future''

   • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
     • REQUIREMENTS : SYSTEMS THINKING / HOLLLISTIC THINKING / HANDLING UNCERTAINTY / CHOICES AND TRADE OFFS : SOCAILLY CNSTRUCTED / CAERFUL CRITICAL THINKING
   • WCED critical objectives : REVIVING GROWTH/ CHANGING THE QUALITY OF GROWTH/ MEETING ESSENTIAL NEEDS FOR JOBS,FOOD,ENERGY,WATER AND SANITATION/ ENSURING A SUSTAINABLE LEVEL OF POPULATION/ CONSERVING AND ENHANCING THE RESOURCE BASE/ REORIENTEERING TECNOLOGY AND MANAGIN RISK/ MERGIN ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMICS IN DECISION MAKING.

2. DEPENDANCY THEORY: under development was not the result of any inadequacies in economic, social or environmental conditions within those countries themselves BUT the direct outcome of development elsewhere, and the manner in which those countried were incorporated into the operations of the international capitalist system

3. STAGES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

   • TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
     • PRE-CONDITIONS OF TAKE OFF
       • TAKE OFF
         • DRIVE TO MATURITY
           • HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION
   • limited technology and static society
     • commercial exploitation of agriculture and extractive industry
       • development of a manufacturing sector
         • development of a wider industrial and commercial base
   • transision triggered by external influences interests or markets
     • installation of physical infrastructure and emergence of political and social elite
       • investment in manufacturing exceed 10% of national income; development of modern social, political and economic institutions
         • exploitation of comparative advantages in international trade

4. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

   • 1: eradicate extreme poverty ad hunger
     • 2. achieve universal primary education
       • 3. promote gender equality and empower women
         • 4. reduce child morality
           • 5. improve maternal health
             • 6. combat hiv/aids and other diseases including malaria
               • 7. ensure environmental sustainability
                 • 8.develiop a global partnership for development

5. the environment mattes mostly to poorer groups

   • dependant on naturl resouces for livelihoods
     • live in some of the most inheritantly poor environments
       • '''marginality'' extensds to political and ecomolicl awell ad environmenta
         • vulnerability to hazards
           • suffer irst through environmentl change

6. development not meeting needs of present

   • life expectancy declining in parts of SSA
     • 10 million children die ever year before the age pf 5