111394
Description
Mind Map by harry_bygraves, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by harry_bygraves
almost 11 years ago
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Ultradian Rhythm
- Are biological cycles lasting less than 24 hours, like the
cycle of brain activity during sleep. Sleep has several
stages occuring through the night, lasting for about an
hour in infancy to 90 minutes in adolescence
- Sleep is a different state of conciousness, where responsiveness to the
external enviroment is diminished. It occurs daily as a circadian rhythm
and is composed of an ultradian cycles of seperate stages
- Stage one; alpha waves disappear and are replaced by
low-voltage slow waves. Heart rate declines and muscles relax.
this is a light stage of sleep and people are easily woken
- Stage two; a deeper state, from which people are still
easily woken. Shorts bursts of sleep spindles are
noticeable, as well as sharp rises and falls in amplitude
known as K-complexes. Bodily functions slow down and
blood pressure, metabolism and cardiac activity decreases
- Stage three; sleep becomes increasingly deeper and
people are difficult to wake. Sleep spindles decline, being
replaced by long, slow data waves. Heart rate, blood
pressure and temperature decline.
- Stage four; deep
sleep, where delta
waves increase and
metabolic rate is
slow. People are
hard to wake, growth
hormones are
released and
incidences of sleep
walking and night
terrors may occur.
- Stage five; REM sleep.
Charaterised by large
amounts of EEG fast wave
activity that loks similar to
walking EEg recordings.
Eyes move rapidly from side
to side and reports of
dreaming when woken in
REM slepp reach up to 90%
- Dement and Kleitman (1957) 1. participants
woken during REm Sleep 80% report dreaming,
whereas those in non-REM reported dreaming
79%. 2. difficult for participants to judge length of
dream. Woken after 5 minutes or 15 minutes of
REM, asking to say if dreaming for 5 or 15 -
relatively accurate. dreams run in 'real time but
fade rapidly. 3. Also found a postivie correlation
between number of workds used to describe
dream and length of REM activity. This suggests
a direct link between REM and dreams
- Evaluation; participants were all adults therefore it
may not be valid for all ages. It was a Lab based study
therefore it may not be valid in natural setting. BUT -
results have been replicated, good reliability.
- Evaluation; participants were all adults therefore it
may not be valid for all ages. It was a Lab based study
therefore it may not be valid in natural setting. BUT -
results have been replicated, good reliability.
- General problems with sleep
research; 1. subjective reports of what
a person is dreaming, 2. Difficult to
know if what people recall is actually
what they experience
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