Separation Techniques

Separation Techniques

1. Evaporation

   • evaporation involves a liquid changing to a gas
   • The particles in a liquid have different energies. Some will have enough energy to escape from the liquid and become a gas.
     • The remaining particles in the liquid have a lower average kinetic energy than before, so the liquid cools down as evaporation happens.

2. Distillation

   • Distillation is a process that can be used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids. It works when the liquids have different boiling points.

3. Filtration

   • Filtration is a method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. When a mixture of sand and water is filtered:

4. Crystillisation

   • Crystallisation is a separation technique that is used to separate a solid that has dissolved in a liquid and made a solution.

5. Seperating Funnel

   • A separating funnel is a separation technique that is used for two liquids that do not dissolve in each other.

6. Chromotography

   • Chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of coloured compounds.
   • Mixtures that are suitable for separation by chromatography include inks, dyes and colouring agents in food.

7. Condensation

   • The particles in a gas have different energies.Some may not have enough energy to remain as separate particles, particularly if the gas is cooled down.
     • They come close together and bonds form between them. Energy is released when this happens.