12012445
Description
Inheritance
- Key words
- Gene: A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
- Allele: different versions of the same gene
- Dominant allele: when at least one allele is required for it to be expressed in the phenotype
- Codominant allele: Where both alleles get expressed in the phenotype
- Both A and B alleles are codominant, while o is recessive
- When A and B are both present in the allele, they both get expressed
- When A and B are both present in the allele, they both get expressed
- Both A and B alleles are codominant, while o is recessive
- Codominant allele: Where both alleles get expressed in the phenotype
- Recessive allele: when 2 alleles are required for the allele to be expressed
- Dominant allele: when at least one allele is required for it to be expressed in the phenotype
- Genotype: The alleles on a genome
- Phenotype: The characteristics an organism has as a result of the genotype
- Locus: the position of a gene on a DNA Molecule
- Homozygous: two alleles on both chromsomes
- Heterozygous: 2 different alleles on the chromasomes
- Gene: A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
- Monohybrid Inheritance
- Dihybrid Inheritance
- Linkage
- Sex
linkage
- Sex-linked gene: When a gene is locate on the X or Y sex chromosomes
- Males: XY
- Females:
XX
- The Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome. The X Chromosome has more than 2000 genes while the Y chromosome has around 70
- Sex linked disorders are more common in men as one faulty allele would cause a disorder, whereas in women would require two
- Pedigree charts
- You may be asked:
- How is it recessive?
- If person C had offspring with a normal female, What would be the offspring phenotypes?
- How do you know that the faulty gene is on the X chromosome?
- How do ya know the faulty gene is recessive?
- How is it recessive?
- You may be asked:
- Males: XY
- Sex-linked gene: When a gene is locate on the X or Y sex chromosomes
- Autosomal linkage
- Autosome: All Chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes
- Linked genes: 2 or more genes on the same chromosome
- More linked = genes closer to each other on the chromosome
- More linked = genes closer to each other on the chromosome
- Linkage group: all genes on one chromosome
- The genotypes are 'cut through the middle' to make the gametes'
- its G + N On one chromosome, g + n on the other chromasome
- However if crossing over occurs, the gametes would change
- If the genes are more closely linked, Gametes are less likely to change as both genes could be swapped
- If the genes are more closely linked, Gametes are less likely to change as both genes could be swapped
- its G + N On one chromosome, g + n on the other chromasome
- Autosome: All Chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes
- Sex
linkage
- Epistasis: When one gene masks the other
- Example: mice
- A= brown hair (agouti), a=black hair, B= produce melanin, b=no melanin production
- If allele bb is present, the mouse will be white (albino), regardless of the gene A
- if the mouse has allele Bb/BB, then melanin is produced and the colour of the mouse depends on gene A (Aa/AA = brown, aa=black)
- This is an example of a recessive epistatic allele, but dominant epistatic alleles exist too
- This is an example of a recessive epistatic allele, but dominant epistatic alleles exist too
- if the mouse has allele Bb/BB, then melanin is produced and the colour of the mouse depends on gene A (Aa/AA = brown, aa=black)
- If allele bb is present, the mouse will be white (albino), regardless of the gene A
- A= brown hair (agouti), a=black hair, B= produce melanin, b=no melanin production
- Example: mice
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