Cognitive Aspects

Cognitive Aspects

1. What is cognition?

   • Attention
     • The process of selecting things to concentrate on, at a point in time, from the range of possibilities available
   • Perception
     • How information is acquired from the environment via the different sense organs and transformed into experiences.
   • Memory
     • Recalling various kinds of knowledge that allow us to act appropriately
   • Learning
     • People find it hard to learn by following a set of instructions in a manual, they much prefer to learn though doing,
   • Reading, speaking, and listening
     • These are the three forms of language processing that have similar and different properties.
   • Problem solving, planning, reasoning
     • These are processes involving reflective cognitions meaning that they include thinking about what to do, the options and the consequences.

2. Cognitive Frameworks

   • Internal
     • Mental Models
       • These are used by people to reason about a system and in particular to try to fathom out what to do when something unexpected happens with the system.
     • Gulfs of execution and evaluation
       • They are the gaps that exist between the user ant the interface
     • Information precessing
       • Provides a basis from which to make predictions about human performance.
   • External
     • Distributed cognition
       • Studies the nature of cognitive phenomena across individuals, artifacts and internal and external representations.
     • External cognition
       • Is concerned with explaining the cognitive processes involved when we interact with different external representations
     • Embodied interaction
       • It's about understanding interaction in terms of practical engagement with social and physical environment.

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