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Urinary bladder

Description

Mind Map on Urinary bladder, created by Moza Almualla on 08/04/2018.
Moza Almualla
Mind Map by Moza Almualla, updated more than 1 year ago
Moza Almualla
Created by Moza Almualla over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Urinary bladder
  1. Normal
    1. Structure
      1. Parts
        2. Relations
          2. Histology
          3. Functions
            1. Storage of the urine
              1. It helps to expel urine from the body during urination by contraction of the detrusor muscle and the relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter.
                1. Urine Concentration
                  1. Response to water intake
                      2. Corticopapillary osmotic gradient
                        2. Antidiuretic hormone
                  2. Abnormal
                    1. Urinary bladder cancer
                      1. Types
                        1. Benign
                          1. Papilloma
                            1. Leimyoma
                            2. Malignant
                              1. TCC
                                1. Urothelial papilloma
                                  1. PUNLMP
                                    1. Papillary urothelial cacinoma (low grade)
                                      1. Papillary urothelial cacinoma (high grade)
                                      2. SCC
                                        1. Adenocarcinoma
                                          1. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
                                        2. Staging (TNM)
                                          1. T refers to the tumor size
                                            1. N refers to whether lymph nodes are affected
                                              1. M refers to metastases
                                              2. Causes
                                                1. Smoking
                                                  1. Exposure to chemicals
                                                    1. Past radiation exposure
                                                      1. Parasitic infections
                                                        1. Gender
                                                          1. Previous chemotherapy
                                                            1. Diabetes type 2
                                                              1. Personal or family history of cancer
                                                              2. Risk factors
                                                                1. Urothelial carcinoma
                                                                  1. Naphthylamine - Azo dyes - Long term cyclophosphamide\ phenacetin
                                                                  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
                                                                    1. Chronic cystitis - Schistosoma hematobium - Long standing nephrolithiasis
                                                                      1. Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)
                                                                        1. Trematode
                                                                          1. - Schistosoma haematobium - Schistosoma mansoni - Schistosoma japonicum
                                                                            1. Life cycle
                                                                        2. Adenocarcinoma
                                                                          1. Urachal remenant - Cystitis glanularis - Bladder exstrophy
                                                                        3. Hematuria
                                                                          1. Diagnosis
                                                                            1. History
                                                                              1. Physical examination
                                                                                1. Investigations
                                                                                  1. Laboratory
                                                                                    1. Urine
                                                                                      1. Blood
                                                                                      2. Radiology
                                                                                        1. Biopsy
                                                                                      4. Treatment
                                                                                        1. Chemotherapy
                                                                                          1. Immunotherapy
                                                                                            1. Surgery
                                                                                              1. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
                                                                                                1. Cystectomy
                                                                                                  1. Partial
                                                                                                    1. Radical
                                                                                                      1. Urostomy
                                                                                                        1. Continent urinary diversion
                                                                                                          1. Neobladder

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