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1. Chromatography

2. Filtration (RP)

   • Insoluble solid in liquid reaction mixtures
   • Used for purification

3. Distillation (RP)

4. Crystallisation (RP)

   • 1. Heat solution in evaporating dish
   • 2. Solution will become concentrated
   • 3. When crystals form remove from heat and cool
   • 4. Salt should form crystals in cold highly concentrated solution
   • 5. Filter the crystals then dry

5. Evaporation (RP)

   • 1. Pour solution in evaporating dish
   • 2. Slowly heat. Solution will become concentrated
   • 3. Crystals will form
   • 4. Continue to heat until dry crystals