Types of Programming Language *add diagrams

Types of Programming Language *add diagrams

1. Programming Paradigms

   • Procedural
     • Examples
       • Python
       • Pascal
     • Series of instructions
       • Tells computer what to do with input
     • Structured Programming
       • Uses programming constructs
         • Sequence
         • Selection
         • Iteration
         • Recursion
       • Modular techniques
         • Split large programs into chunks
     • Educational environments
       • Easy to learn
       • Applicable to a lot of problems
   • Object-Orientated
     • Examples
       • Java
       • Python
       • Delphi
     • Abstract details of implementation
       • Code reusable
       • Programs easy to maintain
   • Declarative
     • SQL
       • Queries in databases
     • Write statements describing problem to be solved
       • Language implementation decides best way of solving
   • Functional
     • Examples
       • Haskell
       • Python
       • C#
       • Java
     • Functions used as fundamental building blocks
       • Statements written in series of functions
   • Style of computer programming

2. Procedural Languages

   • Built in data types
     • Integer
     • Floating point
     • Boolean
   • Data structures
     • Array
     • Record
   • Define own abstract data types
     • Queue
     • Stack
     • Tree

3. Assembly Language

   • Mnemonics
     • ADD
       • Add contents of memory address to ACC
     • SUB
       • Subtract contents of memory address from ACC
     • STA
       • Store value in ACC in given memory address
     • LDA
       • Load ACC with contents of given memory address
     • BRA
       • Branch using given address of next instruction
     • BRZ
       • Branch to given address if ACC zero
     • BRP
       • Branch to given address if ACC zero or positive
     • INP
       • Input into ACC
     • OUT
       • Output contents of ACC
     • HLT
       • Stops execution of program
     • DAT
       • Indicate location containing data
   • Examples
     • Data Transfer and Arithmetic Operations
       • Input three numbers x, y and z
         • Calculate and output value of x + y - z
           • *add example on page 70
     • Branch Instructions
       • Compare two numbers held in memory locations num1 and num2
         • Output the larger number
           • If equal either can be output
             • *add example on page 71

4. Memory Addressing Modes

   • Immediate
     • load immediate 4
       • Puts 4 into ACC
   • Direct
     • load direct 4
       • Puts 8 into ACC
         • Contents of location 4
   • Indirect
     • load indirect 4
       • Puts 27 into ACC
         • Contents of address held in location 4
   • Indexed
     • load indexed R0
       • Puts 15 into ACC
         • Contents of location
           • 6+contents of R0
     • R0 incremented to 1
       • load indexed R0
         • Puts 32 into ACC
           • Contents of location
             • 6+1
   • Index Register holds 6
     • R0 contains 0
   • *add table on page 73

5. Object Orientated Languages

   • Classes
     • What data can do
     • What data looks like
   • Objects
     • Instance of a class
   • Methods
     • Procedure associated with an object
   • Attributes
     • Procedure associated with a class
   • Inheritance
     • Subclasses
       • Same attributes as superclass
         • Inherit properties
       • Own attributes
     • Inheritance Diagram
       • *add diagram on page 65
   • Encapsulation
     • Private attributes cannot be accessed directly
       • Accessed through class methods
   • Polymorphism
     • Process objects differently depending on class
   • Constructor
     • Procedure with name new
   • Advantages
     • Extensive planning phase
       • Better designs
       • Fewer weaknesses
     • Reusable
       • Objects already defined, coded and tested
         • Used in different programs
     • Easier to maintain
       • Modular structure