Heartburn

Anatomy
1. Esophagus
2. Stomach
Swallowing
1. phases:
  1. 1-Voluntary phase
  2. 2-Pharyngeal phase
  3. 3-esophageal phase
Gastric Acid Secretion
Differential Diagnosis of dysphagia
1. Oropharyngeal dysphagia
2. Esophageal Dysphagia
  1. Neuromuscular disorders
    1. Achalasia
  2. Mediastinal Masses
    1. Lymphadenophathy
  3. GERD
    1. Causes
      1. LES decreased tone
      2. Hiatal Hernia
    2. DIAGNOSIS
      1. Upper endoscopy
      2. X-ray
    3. Risk Factors
      1. Obesity
      2. Peptic Ulcer
      3. Bad diet
      4. Cigarette smoking
      5. Aging
      6. Alcohol
      7. Increased histamine release
    4. signs and symptoms
      1. heartburn
      2. Chest pain
      3. Difficulty swallowing
      4. Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
      5. Sensation of a lump in your throat
    5. Complications
      1. bleeding
      2. strictures
      3. perforation
      4. barret esophagus
        Definition: metaplastic replacement of the normal squamous epithelium of the lower oesophagus by columnar epithelium.
    6. Management
      1. Lifestyle modifications
        Elevation of bed head
        Weight loss
        Small frequent meals
        No eating 3 hrs before sleeping
      2. Medical Treatment
        H2 Receptor antagonists
        Proton Pump inhibitors
Helicobacter Pylori
1. it causes
  1. gastritis
  2. peptic ulcers
  3. stomach cancer
2. Signs and Symptoms
  1. Abdominal pain
  2. Nausea
  3. Loss of appetite
  4. Bloating
3. Risk Factors
  1. Living without a reliable supply of clean water
  2. Living with someone who has an H. pylori infection
4. Diagnosis
  1. Urea breath test
  2. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
5. Treatment
  1. Triple Therapy
Neoplasms of the Esophagus
1. SSC
2. Adenocarcenoma
  1. Intestinal type
  2. Diffuse type
3. Gastric polyps
4. Gastric lymphoma

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Heartburn

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	Created by mahmoud eladl about 6 years ago

	Copied by Humaid AlTaheri about 5 years ago