GENETIC PROCESSES

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Mind Map on GENETIC PROCESSES, created by safeawija on 22/11/2014.
safeawija
Mind Map by safeawija, updated more than 1 year ago
safeawija
Created by safeawija over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

GENETIC PROCESSES
  1. MEIOSIS
    1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

      Annotations:

      • The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different sexes.
      1. HAPLOID

        Annotations:

        • (Of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
        1. FERTILIZATION

          Annotations:

          • The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
            1. OOGENESIS

              Annotations:

              • The production or development of an ovum.
              1. SPERMATOGENESIS

                Annotations:

                • The production or development of mature spermatozoa.
              2. GAMETE

                Annotations:

                • A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
                1. ZYGOTE

                  Annotations:

                  • A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
              3. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

                Annotations:

                • Mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from  a single organism and inherit the genes from that parent only.
                  1. SEX CELLS

                    Annotations:

                    • A cell responsible for transmitting DNA to the next generation.
                    1. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSMES

                      Annotations:

                      • A set of one maternal chromosome and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.
                      1. GENES

                        Annotations:

                        • A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring.
                        1. CROSSING OVER

                          Annotations:

                          • The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
                        2. KARYOTYPE

                          Annotations:

                          • The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes of the nuclei of an organism or species.
                        3. SEX CHROMOSOMES

                          Annotations:

                          • A chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
                          1. KARYOTYPE

                            Annotations:

                            • The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
                          2. SYNAPSIS

                            Annotations:

                            • The fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis.
                          3. DNA
                            1. PHOSPHATES
                              1. DOUBLE HELIX

                                Annotations:

                                • A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
                                1. NUCLEOSIDES

                                  Annotations:

                                  • A compound (cytosine, adenine, etc.) commonly found in DNA or RNA, consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to a sugar. 
                                  1. NITROGENOUS BASES

                                    Annotations:

                                    • A nitrogen containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base. 
                                    1. THYMINE
                                      1. COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRS
                                      2. GUANINE
                                        1. COMPLMENTARY BASE PAIRS

                                          Annotations:

                                          • Either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA.
                                        2. ADENINE
                                          1. CYTOSINE
                                          2. DEOXYRIBOSE

                                            Annotations:

                                            • A sugar derived from ribose.
                                        3. MITOSIS
                                          1. DIPLOID

                                            Annotations:

                                            • (Of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. 
                                            1. SOMATIC CELLS

                                              Annotations:

                                              • Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
                                              1. AUTOSOMES

                                                Annotations:

                                                • Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
                                              2. CELL CYCLE

                                                Annotations:

                                                • Stages of mitosis.
                                                1. INTERPHASE

                                                  Annotations:

                                                  • - Cells grow. - Make structural proteins. - Transport nutrients to where they are needed. - Eliminate waste. - Prepares for the next stages of mitosis.
                                                  1. PROTEINS

                                                    Annotations:

                                                    • Repair damaged parts
                                                    1. CENTROMERE

                                                      Annotations:

                                                      • The structure that holds chromatids together
                                                      1. CHROMATIN

                                                        Annotations:

                                                        • The tangled fibrous complex of DNA and protein within a eukaryotic nucleus.
                                                      2. PROPHASE

                                                        Annotations:

                                                        • 1st stage of cell division.
                                                        1. CHROMOSOMES

                                                          Annotations:

                                                          • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
                                                          1. CENTROSOMES

                                                            Annotations:

                                                            • Small protein bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of animals cells.
                                                            1. SPINDLE FIBRES

                                                              Annotations:

                                                              • Protein structures that guide chromosomes during cell division. Formed from centrosomes.
                                                          2. METAPHASE

                                                            Annotations:

                                                            • The chromosomes line up along the center axis of the cell.
                                                            1. ANAPHASE

                                                              Annotations:

                                                              • The chromosomes split up and chromatids are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell.
                                                              1. CHROMATIDS

                                                                Annotations:

                                                                • Each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
                                                              2. TELOPHASE

                                                                Annotations:

                                                                • A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids.
                                                                1. CYTOKINESIS

                                                                  Annotations:

                                                                  • Pinching off the cell into 2 parts.
                                                                2. SISTER CHROMATID

                                                                  Annotations:

                                                                  • Pieces of identical DNA that are crucial in the process of cell replication and division.
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