Elements of life

Elements of life

1. El1

   • Precision- How close two or more measurements are to each other, regardless of whether these measurement are accurate
   • Accuracy- How close a measurement is to its standard ore known value
   • The atom
     • Relative atomic masses; Proton=1, neutron=1, electron= 1/2000
     • Charges; Proton= +1, Neutron= 0, Electron= -1
     • Isotopes- atoms of the same element with different mass numbers
   • Mass Spectometry
     • Used to find the RAM of compounds
     • 1. Atoms are made into gaseous cations. 2. Cations are accelerated to have the same kinetic energy and those which travel through the drift region and are detected first are the smallest. 3. The separated ions and their abundance are used to calculate RAM.
     • Mass spectrometers are vacuums
     • Calculating RAM- (mass number x abundance) + (mass number x abundance)/ 100
   • Nuclear fusion
     • 2 lighter atoms or subatomic particles combine to make a heavier atom
     • Releases a lot of energy (MeV= mega electron voltage)
     • Occurs inside stars
     • Atomic and mass numbers on either side of equation must balance
   • Calculating relative abundance
     • Add up the relative intensities of all isotopes, then work out what percentage of the total intensity the atom makes up.

2. EL2

   • Wave Theory
     • speed of light = frequency x wavelength
       • Frequency = crests per second (Hz or s^-1)
   • Electromagnetic Spectrum

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