Visual Representation of knowledge =)

Visual Representation of knowledge =)

1. Imagery

   • Mental imagery: mental representation of a nonpresent object or event
     • the ability to recreate the sensory world in the absence of sensory input
     • Visual imagery: “seeing” in the absence of a visual stimulus
   • Theories
     • Dual coding hypothesis (Paivio, 1965)
       • Two coding systems; two ways information may be represented in memory 1. Nonverbal/ Image-based/Imaginal 2. Verbal
         • “pictures-in-the-head’
         • Paivio (1963, 1965) Memory for words that evoke mental images is better than those that do not The more concrete the noun, the richer the image Pictures are remembered better than words
       • Cognitive Neuroscience Support
     • Conceptual Propositional Hypothesis (Anderson & Bower, 1973)
       • We store interpretation of events, not the components of the images
     • Functional Equivalency Hypothesis Shepard and Meltzer (1971)
       • Mental rotation experiment Participants mentally rotated one object to see if it matched another object
       • Imagery and perception Mental scanning experiment (Kosslyn et al. (1978)
       • Neurological evidence
         • Support for functional equivalency: rCBF indicates the same areas of the brain are active when we see vs. ‘image’ an object
         • Dissociations between Imagery and Perception Guariglia and coworkers (1993) Brain-damaged patient Patient’s perceptions intact, but mental images were impaired
         • Synesthesia
           • Sensations from one modality are experienced in another modality Taste shapes,