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1. Muscles

   • Extrinsic
     • Superficial
       • Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi,Rhomboideus Major, Rhomboideus Minor, Levator Scapulae
     • Intermediate
       • Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior
   • Intrinsic
     • Superficial
       • Splenius Capitis, Spenius Cervicis
     • Intermediate
       • Erector Spinae
         • Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
     • Deep
       • Transversospinal
         • Rotatores, Multifidus, Semispinalis

2. Bones

   • Vertebrae
     • Cervial
       • 7
     • Thoracic
       • 12
     • Lumbar
       • 5
     • Sacral
       • 1 (5 fused)

3. Ligaments

   • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL), Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL), Ligamentum Flavum, Supraspinous Ligament, Interspinous Ligament

4. Vertebral Column

   • Vertebrae
   • Intervetebral Disc
   • Intervetebral Foramen