A3.(2) Computer Software in an IT system

A3.(2) Computer Software in an IT system

1. User interface

   • The user interface is the way in which we interact with computer hardware.
     • The operating system provides features which the method used to communicate with a computerised device

2. Graphical user interface (GUI)

   • This type of interface places a much higher demand on the processor than a command line interface.
     • Graphical user interface We are all familiar with the way a PC works: clicking icons with the mouse, dragging and dropping files and folders, scrolling up and down etc. This is a graphical user interface or GUI. It is also sometimes called a WIMP user interface (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointers). This type of interface places a much higher demand on the processor than a command line interface.

3. Adaptive user interface

   • Most web pages and apps are now constructed so they adapt to the size of screen being used. Whether you are using a smartphone or tablet or even PC. The whole content of the webpage will be visible.
     • Software developers are working on interfaces that adapt to the current user. They collect data over time and anticipate each user's actions and preferences. Voice recognition, facial recognition and other personalised functions could all be used to create adaptive interfaces.

4. Factors affecting the choice of user interface

5. Factors affecting the choice of operating system

   • Chrome OS
     • security: Some operating systems have better security measures and built-in anti-virus software. Windows 10, for example, is a popular target for hackers and you are more likely to be targeted as a windows user than a mac or chrome user. However, built-in protection software gives a good level of protection and you can install your own anti-virus software
     • Productivity:Some operating systems are particularly well-suited to certain applications: for example Macs are favored by graphic designers. Some designers may need devices and software able to cope with CAD systems, video editing, photography projects or musical composition and may favor one operating system over another. Other specialised users who perform specific tasks repeatedly may find a command line interface more efficient than a GUI for carrying out these tasks. Multiple commands can be saved as a script and invoke with a single command.
     • Cost: Some operating systems such as Linux and its variations are open source and distributed free of charge. Ubuntu is an example of an Open Source operating system and has an interface and functionality similar to Windows. Many local government organisations, home users and companies in countries such as India and Pakistan, which have many citizens skilled in computing, use Linux rather than expensive operating systems which need frequent upgrades.

6. Factors affecting the use and performance of an operating system

   • Memory: A command line interface will occupy far less memory than a GUI Suitability for the application: A special-purpose computing device such as a vehicle engine diagnostic device used by a garage may need a specialised operating system. Easy of use: a GUI interface may be preferable for a user who switches rapidly between applications. A command line interface may save time for an administrator or users who frequently use the same series of commands. Processor speed: The speed of the processor will affect performance. This may not always be significant but a real-time operating system embedded in a car, aircraft or nuclear power station, for example,instantly to input sensors. need to react