topic 10 ICT

topic 10 ICT

1. workbook

   • A spread sheet application such as Excel can store all its data in a single file

2. worksheets

   • A workbook is made up of one or more
   • . A worksheet is a single tab in the spread sheet workbook.

3. Cells

   • □ A cell reference always starts with a letter and ends with a number e.g. A5 or H28
   • □ A range of cells is a set of cells in a row or column
   • □ Data entered into cells can be different data types e.g. text, number, currency, date, percentage
   • Labels
     • any text in a cell describing the data in a row or column(titles, headings that identify data)
   • Data
     • any values (text or numbers) that are entered for the use of calculation
   • Formulas and functions
     • mathematical calculations carried out automatically

4. formula

   • □ Must start with an =
   • perform calculations on cell contents.
   • □ Formulas appear in the formula bar.
   • □ The result of a formula is automatically recalculated every time the data on a spread sheet changes.

5. Functions

   • □ Must also start with an =
   • are part of spread sheet software. They are specialised calculations built in to the spread sheet software
   • name describes what a function can do SUM, COUNT, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, IF

6. Formatting

   • □ The content of a cell can be formatted: □ Font style, size, colour, border style, alignment, cell colour. □ Multiple cells can be merged in to one cell
   • □ Cells are often formatted to reflect the data that is held in them. Data types include: □ Currency, number, real, integer (whole number), date, text

7. Replicating cells

   • □ When you position the mouse pointer in the bottom right hand corner of the cell and drag down or across the spread sheet tries to respond intelligently. If there is a formula in the cell, the spread sheet tries to adjust it as it goes down the page to fit in with the new position and the cells being referred to.

8. Graphs & Charts

   • □ Using charts/graphs allows us to notice patterns & trends more easily
   • □ Specific data can be selected on a spreadsheet and a chart/graph of this data can be created.
   • bar
     • to compare values
   • pie
     • to show how a total is divided among a number of different categories.
   • line
     • display trends

9. Cell Referencing

   • □ When a formula is copied by ‘filling down’ the cell references in cells are adjusted as you drag the pointer down the page.
   • □ Relative cell references:
     • □ If a formula is copied by filling down, the cell references are adjusted as you drag the replication pointer down the page. This is because it uses the relative address of the cells based on their position in the worksheet.
     • □ The cells D2, D3 and D4 now contain formulas that are relative to the rows that they are in. The formulas are relative to their position in the spreadsheet.
   • □ Absolute cell references: