Data preprocessing

Annotations:

• Data pre-processing is a data mining technique that involves transforming raw data into an understandable format

1. Data cleaning

   Annotations:

   • Data is cleansed through processes such as filling in missing values, smoothing the noisy data, or resolving the inconsistencies in the data.
   1. Missing values
   2. Noisy data
   3. Data cleaning as a process
   4. Data integration and transformation
2. Data reduction

   Annotations:

   • This step aims to present a reduced representation of the data in a data warehouse.
   1. Data cube aggregation
   2. Attributes subset selection
   3. Dimensionality reduction
   4. Numerosity reduction
   5. Data discretization and concept hierarchy generation