Progressive Era Mind Map

Progressive Era Mind Map

1. * John Muir- Born in 1838, Muir was known as “Father of the National Parks” and was a strong Scottish-American environmental philosopher, who advocated preservation of the wilderness from use in the United States.

   • * Jacob Riis- Born in 1849, Riis was an American newspaper reporter and social reformer. He is most famous for his book “How the Other Half Lives”. This book explained and gave view to the public crises in housing, education, and poverty from European immigration into New York City.
     • * Theodore Roosevelt- Born in 1858, Roosevelt was an American politician who served as the 26th president of the United States. He was a leader of the progressive movement, which publicized his “Square Deal” domestic policies. These policies promised the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs.
       • * Environmentalism- This is a broad ideology or social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement for the health of the environment. From the 1890s-1920s urban reforms were coming into place such as clean water supplies, removal of sewage and unsanitary living conditions.
         • * National American Suffrage Assoc.- An organization formed on February 18, 1890, advocated women’s suffrage in the United States. This association helped get the 19th amendment passed for all women to be able to vote in 1920. Also, another change this group wanted was the granting of property rights to married women.
           • * Booker T. Washington - He was born into slavery and put himself through school and became a teacher after the Civil War. In 1881, he founded Tuskegee University. Also, he urged blacks to accept discrimination for a period of time and focus on working hard and pushing though their struggles.
             • * Tuskegee Institute- Founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881, this institute was made to train teachers in Alabama. This schools program gave students academic and vocational training. Also, Washington’s main focus was to train African-Americans in agriculture, industry, and promote the economic progress of his race.
               • Sherman Antitrust- In 1890, the Sherman Antitrust Act regulated competition among enterprises passed under the president Benjamin Harrison. This act protected the public from the failure of the market and prohibited business monopolies by deeming them an unlawful restraint on interstate commerce.
                 • * Immigrant living conditions- Immigrants mostly had poor living conditions because they just came to the United States to start a better life. The immigrants mostly slept in tenements that were overcrowded, unsanitary, and unsafe. This happened from the 1850’s on through the early 1900s.
                   • * Jane Addams- In 1889, Jane Addams founded Hull House in one of Chicago’s poor neighborhoods. This was the first settlement house in the United States. The overall goal for this was to educate women to share all kinds of knowledge, such as art skills and literature with people of poorer economic earnings. Overall, she was an advocate for women’s suffrage and world peace.
                     • * Hull House- Founded in 1889, the Hull House was a settlement house located on the Near West Side of Chicago. This house was mostly opened up to European immigrants. Also, it provided social and educational opportunities for working class people.
                       • * Working conditions- Refers to the working environment and all existing aspects affecting labor in the workplace. Working conditions include job hours, physical aspects, and legal rights and responsibilities. From 1900-1917 the progressive era approached problems facing Americans in the workplace and at home.
                         • * Racial discrimination- This is any discrimination on an individuals skin color or racial or ethnic origin. For example, individuals can show racial discrimination by refusing to do business with or even socializing with. Racial discrimination was big in the times where African Americans were not getting the same equal rights as white men and women in the United States.
                           • * National Wildlife Refuges- Founded in 1903 by an order of President Roosevelt, the National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America’s fish, wildlife, and plants. This refuge was made to benefit for present and future generations of America.
                             • * Pure Food and Drug Act- Enacted in 1906 by President Roosevelt, the Pure Food and Drug Act prohibited the sale of misbranded to adulterated food and drugs in commerce and started a foundation for the nation’s first consumer protection agency, the FDA.
                               • * Meat Inspection Act- Enacted in 1906 by President Roosevelt, the Meat Inspection Act prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded meat products and ensured that the livestock was processed under proper sanitary conditions. This was a step in protecting consumers health and safety.
                                 • * William Howard Taft- President Taft was elected president from 1909-1913 and he became the only man in United States history to become president and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Also, In the Progressive Era he had been a prosecutor, judge, U.S. solicitor general, civilian governor of the Philippines, and Secretary of War.
                                   • * NAACP- Founded in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was made to advance justice for African Americans. The association helped secure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights in order to eliminate racial discrimination and ensure the well being of all people.
                                     • * Women’s rights- Women’s rights are the rights entitled to women and girls. Women’s rights movements started in the 19th century and continued into a feminist movement during the 20th century.
                                       • * 15.) William Howard Taft- President Taft was elected president from 1909-1913 and he became the only man in United States history to become president and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Also, In the Progressive Era he had been a prosecutor, judge, U.S. solicitor general, civilian governor of the Philippines, and Secretary of War.
                                         • * Alice Paul- Alice Paul was an American feminist and women right activist who advocated for the 19th amendment in 1910, which helped women gain the right to vote.
                                           • * Clayton Antitrust Act- In 1914, the Clayton Antitrust Act defined unethical business practices, such as price-fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor. During the Progressive Era, it protected trade and commerce and revise the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act.
                                             • * Act Woodrow Wilson- Known as the 28th president of the United States from 1913-1921, he brought reformation in America through his antitrust laws. He established the Federal Reserve and Federal Trade Commission. Also, Wilson tried to keep the United States and Germany on neutral terms but ended up having to declare World War 1.
                                               • * Big business- This involves a large scale corporate-controlled financial or business activities. It refers to the concentration of industrial and financial power that began in the second half of the 19th century and through the end of the 20th century as well.
                                                 • * Upton Sinclair- Sinclair was an American writer who wrote many books adding up to almost 100. His work was well known in the first half of the 20th century, winning him the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. Upton’s books consisted of improper conducts in politics and business. Overall, his book “The Jungle” helped improve working condition in the meat-packing industry.
                                               • * 19th Amendment- Passed in 1919, the 19th amendment granted all women the right to vote. This helped all women move closer to equality in all aspects of American life. The women during this time advocated for job opportunities, fair wages, and education.
       • * Gifford Pinchot- Born in 1865, Pinchot was known for becoming the head of the Division of Forestry, part of the United States Department of Agriculture. His work helped advocate conservation of forests, overall tripling the nation’s forest reserves. Also, his conservation efforts did not eliminate natural resources from use but instead called for them to be used in the proper way.