21703875
Ahmad cannot run
- Anatomy of the foot
- Muscles
- Thyroid Hormone
- Inc. energy uptake of muscles, Inc. muscle size as it does
protein synthesis THOUGH excessive amounts can cause
weakened muscles do to activation of proteolysis ‘ AND lack
of thyroid hormone causes the muscle to become sluggish
- Inc. energy uptake of muscles, Inc. muscle size as it does
protein synthesis THOUGH excessive amounts can cause
weakened muscles do to activation of proteolysis ‘ AND lack
of thyroid hormone causes the muscle to become sluggish
- Thyroid Hormone
- Bones
- Nerves
- Arteries
- Muscles
- Physical examination of ankle & foot
- Look
- Symmetry
Valgus/varus
feet, Pes
planus/pes cavus,
Hallux valgus, Toe
clawing
- Symmetry
Valgus/varus
feet, Pes
planus/pes cavus,
Hallux valgus, Toe
clawing
- Feel
- Bony prominances,
joints, ligaments,
tendons, dorsalis
pedis artery
- Bony prominances,
joints, ligaments,
tendons, dorsalis
pedis artery
- Move
- Special tests
include:
Inversion and
eversion
stress tests ,
Morton’s
Metatarsalgia
test
- Special tests
include:
Inversion and
eversion
stress tests ,
Morton’s
Metatarsalgia
test
- Look
- Muscular Dystrophy
- a group of inherited genetic conditions that
gradually cause the muscles to weaken,
leading to an increasing level of disability.
- Types
- Autosomal
recessevie
- Limb girdle
- Congenital
- Limb girdle
- Autosomal
dominant
- myotonic
- Fascioscapulohumeral
- Oculopharyngeal
- Oculopharyngeal
- myotonic
- Sex
linked
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Causes
- a genetic mutation that prevents
the body from producing
- Dystrophin; connects the cytoskeleton of a
muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular
matrix through the cell membrane.
- Pathology
- Absence of dystophin leads to muscle damage leading to inflammation and finally leading to cell death
- Absence of dystophin leads to muscle damage leading to inflammation and finally leading to cell death
- Pathology
- Dystrophin; connects the cytoskeleton of a
muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular
matrix through the cell membrane.
- a genetic mutation that prevents
the body from producing
- Risk factors
- history of the condition in the family
- history of the condition in the family
- Signs & Symptoms
- Unable to walk by 18 months
- Walking on toes
- Falling down
- Gower’s manoeuvre
- Gower’s manoeuvre
- Falling down
- Walking on toes
- Unable to walk by 18 months
- Mode of inheritance
- Investigations
- Primary
- Serum CK
- Cardiac assessment
- Cardiac assessment
- Serum CK
- Secondary
- Muscle biopsy
- PCR for the dystrophin
gene mutation
- PCR for the dystrophin
gene mutation
- Muscle biopsy
- Primary
- Prognosis
- Most Death due to respiratory failure or cardiomyopathy
- no cure
- Advancement in medical field
increased life expectancy by 10 years
- Advancement in medical field
increased life expectancy by 10 years
- Most Death due to respiratory failure or cardiomyopathy
- Complications
- Learning disability
- Absence of dystrophin in the brain
- challenges with important brain functions such as attention,
memory, learning, speech, and intellectual ability and more
susceptible to ADHD, OCD, Epilepsy, ASD.
- challenges with important brain functions such as attention,
memory, learning, speech, and intellectual ability and more
susceptible to ADHD, OCD, Epilepsy, ASD.
- Absence of dystrophin in the brain
- Cardiomyopathy
- Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles
- Contractures
- Contractures
- More infections
- Steroid treatment problems
- Pulmonary problems
- Pulmonary problems
- Steroid treatment problems
- Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles
- Severe
psychological
impact on
parents and
children
- Learning disability
- Causes
- Becker
- Emery-Dreifuss
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Autosomal
recessevie
- a group of inherited genetic conditions that
gradually cause the muscles to weaken,
leading to an increasing level of disability.
- Abnormal gait
- Antalgic
- Ataxic
- Trendelennerg
- Trendelennerg
- Ataxic
- Antalgic
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