EAST ASIA MIDTERM PART 1

CHINA
1. MING DYNASTY
  1. FELL BECAUSE OF
    1. BAD LEADERSHIP
    2. DISEASE
    3. ECONOMIC COLLAPSE
    4. LITTLE ICE AGE
    5. THE QING DYNASTY
      1. MONGOLIA/ ZUNGHAR WARS
        DIFFICULT TO CONQUOR
      2. ADVANTAGES OF THE MANCHUS
        MONEY (GINSING)
        BANNER CONQUEST ORGANIZATION
        Annotations:
        NERHATCHI DEVELOPED A SYSTEM OF REORGANIZATION FOR SOCIETY. UNITED THE MANCHUS UNDER A SINGLE BANNER.
        FIGHTING SKILL AND WEAPONS
        Annotations:
        COULD SHOOT AROWS W/ GREAT ACCURACY @ FULL GALLOP
        SAFE LOCATION TO TRAIN
      3. THE QUEUE 1645
        Annotations:
        "KEEP YOUR HAIR AND LOSE YOUR HEAD OR KEEP YOUR HEAD AND CUT YOUR HAIR"
        A WAY OF ENFORCING LOYALTY IN A NEW EMPIRE
      4. 40 YEARS TO UNITY
        MING IMPERIAL PRINCES
        3 FEUDATORIES
        Annotations:
        WU SANGUI HAD BEEN GRANTED POSITION OF GENERAL IN SOUTHERN TERITORIES. DECIDED TO CROWN HIMSELF EMPEROR.
        CHINA AND TAIWAN
        ZHENG CHENGGONG (KOXINGA)
        Annotations:
        FUJANESE TRADER. PRACTICE OUTLAWED UNDER QING RULE. MING LOYALIST/ ZHENG FAMILY CONTROLLED TAIWAN FOR 20 YEARS
        ESTABLISHES LARGE BASE ON TAIWAN.
        THE DUTCH IN TAIWAN
        Annotations:
        DUTCH FORT ESTABLISHED IN TAIWAN
        KOXINGA VS. DUTCH 1662
        Annotations:
        KOXINGA KICKS DUTCH OUT OF TAIWAN
        ULTIMATELY, QING TAKES OVER TAIWAN
      5. TREATY OF NERCHINX
        Annotations:
        SIGNED A TREATY W/ THE RUSSIANS TO PREVENT A 2 FRONT WAR
      6. GOLDEN AGE OF THE QING DYNASTY
        FIRST 150 YRS
        INCEREASE IN TERITORY / STRENGTH
        GOOD WEATHER
        ESTABLISHED INCREASED DISEASE RESISTANCE
        ABUNDANT FOOD
        COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
        EXCELLENT LEADERS
        SMART, FAIR,MULTI-LINGUAL
        Annotations:
        KANGXI 60YRS, YANGZHENG 10 YRS, QIANLONG 60 YRS
        TANISTRY
        Annotations:
        ALL SONS = COULD BECOME EMPEROR
      7. DECLINE OF QING
        TAIPING REBELLION 1851-1864
        Annotations:
        30 MILLION KILLED COVERED 1/3 CHINA, ALMOST TOPPLED QING HELD NANJING AS CAPITOL FOR 10 YRS. EVEN CREATED CURRENCY
        CAUSES
        DESTRUCTION FROM OPIUM WAR
        OPENING OF NEW PORTS DUE TO THE TREATY OF NANJING CAUSE MANY TEA PORTERS TO LOSE THEIR JOBS
        POVERTY/ FAMINE
        ETHNIC TENSION
        ZHUANG MINORITY AND HAN BEGIN FIGHTING
        GREAT LEADERS
        HONG XIUQUAN
        Annotations:
        TRIED AND FAILED AT THE EXAMS SEVERAL TIMES. ENCOUNTERS A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY IN CANTON.
        LEADER TAIPING REBELLION
        GOD WORSHIPER SOCIETY
        Annotations:
        HONG XIUQUAN HAS A DREAM WHERE IT IS PRESENTED TO HIM THAT HE IS THE BROTHER OF JESUS. IS INSTRUCTED TO KILL ALL QING.
        EQUALITY BETWEEN SEXES
        Annotations:
        SEGREGATION BETWEEN SEXES AS WELL. ONLY HIGH RANKING OFFICIAL COULD HAVE SEX.
        MILITARY ORGANIZATION REFORMED TO INCLUDE WOMEN
        LAND REDISTRIBUTION BASED ON TOTAL NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS, INCLUDING WOMEN
        UNIVERSAL EDUCATION
        Annotations:
        INCLUDING EXAM SYSTEM STUDIED HONG XIUQUAN'S ADAPTED BIBLE
        COMMUNAL BREAK DOWN OF FAMILY UNITS COMMUNISM. LAND AND GOODS REDISTRIBUTED BASED ON NEED
        QING RESPONSE
        EVER VICTORIOUS ARMY
        BRITISH SOILDERS BROUGHT IN TO ASSIST THE QING DYNASY IN QUELLING THE REBELLION
        Annotations:
        DID SO ONLY TO ENSURE INDEMNITIES CONTINUED TO BE PAID TO BRITAIN
        LED TO THE "CARVING UP" OF CHINA BY EUROPEANS
        ARMED HAN
        Annotations:
        DANGEROUS FOR THE MINORITY MANCHUS TO DEPEND ON THE MAJORITY HAN FOR DEFENSE
  2. LI ZICHENG
    1. FORMER SHEPARD: TOOK BEIIJING
      Annotations:
      - COULDN'T CONTROL MEN PEOPLE DECIDED DID NOT HAVE MANDATE
    2. WU SANGUI
      Annotations:
      - DID NOT BELEIVE LI ZICHENG POSESSED THE MANDATE. LET THE MANCHUS IN
  3. ZHANG XIANZHONG TOOK SISCHUAN
2. MANDATE OF HEAVEN
3. 4 CONFUCIAN CLASSES
  Annotations:
  - THE SCHOLAR THE FARMER THE CRAFTSMAN THE MERCHANT
  1. SOCIAL MOBILITY
4. TRADE W/ WEST
  1. CANTON SYSTEM
    Annotations:
    - SET UP BY CHINESE GVT TO TRADE W/ WEST MONOPOLY ON TRADE CORRUPT
    1. WESTERNERS BELEIVED CONSPIROCY
  2. NO INTEREST IN WESTERN GOODS. PIANOS, WOOLENS ETC.
  3. TRADE IMBALANCE
    Annotations:
    - BRITTISH PURCHASING LOTS OF TEA, CHINA NOT PURCHASING BRITTISH GOODS
    1. OPIUM IN CHINA
      Annotations:
      - BRITISH DECIDED TO SELL OPIUM TO CHINESE BECAUSE IT WAS CLOSE, LIGHT AND CREATED A DEPENDANCY
      1. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
        Annotations:
        SILVER PRICES SKYROCKET DUE TO SO MUCH BEING SPENT ON OPIUM
      2. LIN ZEXU
        Annotations:
        HIGH LVL OFFICIAL WROTE LETTER TO QUEEN VICTORIA REQUESTING HER TO STOP SELLING OPIUM IN HIS COUNTRY.
        ATTEMPTS TO TRADE OPIUM BACK TO BRITTISH FOR TEA
        Annotations:
        BRITISH REFUSE ALL OPIUM DESTROYED
        BRITTISH KICKED OUT OF CHINA/ SET UP ON HONG KONG
        OPIUM WAR 1840-42
        TREATY OF NANJING 1842
        Annotations:
        SIGNED AT GUNPOINT
        FIRST OF UNEAQUAL TREATIES
        Annotations:
        INCLUDED AMBASADORS IN BEIJING, 5 PORTS OPEN, ABOLISH CANTON MERCHANTS, 21 MILLION IN INDEMNITY EXTRATERITORIALITY MOST FAVORED NATION GIVE HONG KONG TO BRITAN
        ARROW WAR
        Annotations:
        SECOND OPIUM WAR BURNED DOWN YUANMINGYUAN (SUMMER PALACE)
        TREATY OF TIENTSIN 1885
        Annotations:
        INDEMNITY + LARGE CHUNKS OF CHINESE TERRITORY "LEASED" IN PERPETUITY TO EUROPEANS
        MISSIONARIES IN CHINA
        OPIUM FORCABLY LEGALIZED
        @ END OF CENTURY, 30+ MILLION OCCASIONAL USERS, 15 MILLION ADDICTS. MOST SEVERE ABUSE AMONG IMPERIAL CLANSMEN AND BANNERMEN
JAPAN
1. 4 CONFUCIAN CLASSES
  Annotations:
  - SAMURAI FARMER CRAFTSMAN MERCHANT
  1. COMPLETELY IMMOBILE
2. REUNIFICATION
  1. 3 GREAT WARLORDS
    1. ODA NOHUNAGA 1
      1. BRUTAL
        BASE AROUND NAGOYA
        SUPPRESSED ARMED BUDHISTS
      2. ASSASINATED
    2. TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI 2
      1. RETAINER FOR ODA
      2. 1ST TO UNITE ALL OF JAPAN UNDER 1 RULER IN 250 YRS
        SWORD HUNTS
      3. WAS NEVER MADE SHOGUN
      4. ATTEMPTS TO CONQUOR MING
        Annotations:
        1590'S / DIES FAMILY DISHONORED
    3. TOKUGAWA IEYASU 3
      1. CAREFUL STRATEGIST
        MILITARY POWER
        MARIAGE PRACTICES
        PRIMOGENITOR FOR RULING CLASS
        Annotations:
        RULED OUT ARGUMENT BTW SONS/ IF LAND DISPUTE OCURED TOKUGAWA WOULD TAKE LAND FOR HIMSELF
      2. BATTLE OF SEKIGAHRA
        Annotations:
        ENDED CIVIL WAR TO AN END BEGINIG OF TOKUGAWA BAKUFU 1600
      3. EDO
  2. 5 TOKUGAWA SYSTEMS OF CONTROLL
    1. ALTERNATE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
      Annotations:
      - MOST IMPT TO MAINTAINING POWER
      1. DAIMYO MUST RESIDE IN EDO EVERY OTHER YEAR
        HOSTAGE SYSTEM
        Annotations:
        WIVES AND CHILDREN MUST REMAIN IN EDO
        VERY EXPENSIVE
        Annotations:
        EXTENSIVE TRAVEL BETWEEN THEIR DOMAIN AND EDO CREATED HIGHWAYS THAT PROMOTED TRAVEL AND TRADE
        NAKASENDO AND TOKAIDO HIGHWAYS
      2. ADITIONAL CONTROLS
        ONLY SHOGUN HAD DOMAIN REASSIGNMENT POWER
        MARIAGES HAD TO BE APPROVED BY SHOGUN
        EVERYTHING WENT THROUGH SHOGUN
    2. BAKUFU
      1. TENT GVT OF 4/5 MEN
        Annotations:
        EACH HAVE AT LEAST 30000 KOKU
        ROTATED EVERY MONTH
        Annotations:
        PREVENTED ALIANCES FROM FORMING
    3. DOMAIN RESTRUCTURE
      1. FUDAI
        Annotations:
        FOUGHT ALONGSIDE THE SHOGUN BOARDERD SHIMPAN
      2. TOZAMA
        Annotations:
        OUTER RING FOUGHT AGAINST THE SHOGUN IN THE BATTLE OF SEKIGARA
        ALSO: EUROPEANS HAD MOST CONTACT W/ TOZAMA
        DUE TO THEIR LOCATION, THE TOZAMA HAD ESTABLISHED WEAPONS TRADE W/ WESTERNERS DURING THE TOKUGAWA PERIOD.
        Annotations:
        CONCLUDE SHOGUNATE INCOMPETANT ARM AND PRODUCE WEAPONS BEGIN BUILDING LOCAL MILITIA
      3. SHIMPAN
        Annotations:
        VERY CLOSE RELATIVES BOARDERD BAKUFU BETTER LAND SECURITY
    4. FREEZING OF SOCIAL ORDER
      Annotations:
      - CREATED IMBALANCE W/IN SOCIETY (MUSUI)
    5. SAKOKU
      Annotations:
      - CLOSED COUNTRY
      1. BAN ON CHRISTIANITY
        Annotations:
        DECREASED THE PROBABILITY THAT SECTS WOULD ERUPT AND DISTURB THE NEWLY UNIFIED JAPANESE SOCIETY
      2. BAN ON OUTSIDE EXCANGE W/ WESTERNERS
        DUTCH ON DEJMA ALLOWED TO STAY
        NAGASAKI "WINDOW TO THE WORLD"
3. RISE OF JAPANESE NATIONALISM 1800-1850 FALL OF TOKUGAWA JAPAN
  1. TWO NEW SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT BOTH ANTI- CHINA
    1. RANGAKU (NEW MEDICINE)
    2. KOKUGAKU (NATIONAL LEARNING)
  2. COMODORE PERRY 1853
    1. DEMANDS SAFETY OF US SOILDERS AND FOR JAPAN TO OPEN UP TRADE W/ US
      1. BAKUFU CONSULT EMPEROR
        KANAGAWA AGREEMENT 1854 PERMITS THESE DEMANDS
        CREATE NEW PRECIDENT. BY ASKING, THE BAKUFU MAKE THEM SELVES SEEM BOTH WEAK AND TREASONUS. NO WIN SITUATION
        EMPEROR MEIJI DOES NOT WANT TO DEAL WITH OUTSIDERS
CONFUCIANISM
Annotations:
- EVERY ONE HAS A SET PLACE RITUALS HELPED KEEP ALL RELATIONSHIPS CLEAR.
1. 5 RELATIONSHIPS

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EAST ASIA MIDTERM PART 1

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