SUBSENTENCIAL TERMINOLOGY

SUBSENTENCIAL TERMINOLOGY

1. 3 CRITERIA

   • SEMANTIC
     • Common meaning
   • STRUCTURAL
     • Position in a sentence
   • FUNCTIONAL
     • Grammatical function

2. PARTS OF SPECH

   • MAJOR WORD CLASSES
     • NOUNS
       • SEMANTIC
         • Name of a person, place or thing
         • Types
           • Common
           • Proper
           • Collective
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Grammatical morphems
           • Possessive and plural
         • Derivational morphems
           • They change words into nouns: -dom -ness -ment
       • FUNCTIONAL
         • Direct object of verb
         • Subject noun predicates
         • Indirect ojcet of verb
         • Appositives
         • Object of preposition
         • Vocatives
     • VERBS
       • FUNCTIONAL
         • Verb+Noun=Sentence
         • Types
           • Intransitive
           • Transitive
           • Ditransitive
           • Linking verb
           • Prepposition
           • Complex transitive
       • SEMANTIC
         • Action or state of being
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Follow nouns and may be followed by adjectives, adverbd or other nouns
         • Number
         • Tense
         • Inflexion
           • -s -ed -en -ing
     • ADJECTIVES
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Determiner+Adjective+Noun
         • After a linking verb as be
         • Derivational morphem
           • -able -ish -ful -y
         • Morphem of superlative or comparative
           • -est -er respectivelu
       • FUNCTIONAL
         • Modify or complement nouns
         • Predicative
         • Attributive
       • SEMANTIC
         • Describes the quality of something
     • ADVERBS
       • SEMANTIC
         • Direction
         • Location
         • Manner
         • Time
         • Frequency
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Flexible
       • FUNCTIONAL
         • Modify verbs or a whole sentence
   • MINOR WORD CLASSES
     • PRONOUNS
       • SEMANTIC
         • FUNCTIONAL
           • Replace a noun
         • Refers to a noun
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Same position as a noun or a noun phrase
         • Types
           • Subject
           • Object
           • Reflexive
           • Possessive
           • Others
           • Demonstrative
     • DETERMINERS
       • SEMANTIC
         • FUNCTIONAL
           • Limits the noun that follow them
         • Types
           • Articles
           • Demonstratives
           • Possessives
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Precedes an adjective
         • They are in front of a noun
     • PREPOSITIONS
       • SEMANTIC
         • Conects words to other parts of the sentence, closely related to the words
       • STRUCTURAL
         • One word
           • in to at
         • Two or three
           • out of on top of
       • FUNCTIONAL
         • Signals spatial relationships
         • Grammatical category of case
           • DATIVE ABLATIVE
     • CONJUCTIONS
       • SEMANTIC
         • Words that join
       • STRUCTURAL
         • Types
           • Coordinating
             • or and but
           • Adverbial Subordinates
             • BECAUSE ALTHOUGH
       • FUNCTIONAL
         • To join parts of a sentence with a propose

3. SENTENTIAL TERMINOLOGY

   • Types of sentences
     • Simple
       • It can stand as an independent clause. S+V S+V+Object S+v+Indirect Object S+V+Subject Predicate S+V+Object+Subject Predicate
       • Jack runs.
     • Compound
       • Two or more clauses with equal grammatical importance. A MAIN CLAUSE + A SUBORDINATE CLAUSE (Or more) Joined by a coordinating conjunction
       • I´m home but my brother went out.
     • Complex
       • 1st type
         • MAIN CLAUSE + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE(S) Joined by an adverbial subordinator.
         • My mother got home early because she didn´t feel well.
       • 2nd type
         • A dependent clause is embedded in a main clause as a subject or as an adjective.
         • I told her it would be wonderful.
   • Sentence Moods
     • Speaker´s attitute
     • Main Moods
       • Declarative
         • Satatement
       • Interrogative
         • Question
       • Imperative
         • Command
     • Minor Moods
       • Exclamative
         • An admiration sentence
       • Subjunctive
         • It uses a different berv than the usual
   • Theme and Rheme
     • It´s speaker oriented
     • Theme
       • Part of departure of the message
     • Rheme
       • Follows the theme
   • Markedness
     • Instances of thematization of non subjects and any exception
   • Voice
     • Active
       • The subject carries the action
     • Passive
       • It focus on the ´doer´of the action
   • SUPRASENTENTIAL TERMINOLOGY
     • Back and foregrounding
       • It´s distincted by verb tenses
       • Backgrounding
         • It´s the previous info the reader knows
       • Foregrounding
         • It´s carries the main storyline
     • Cohesion
       • It´s a determined organizational structure
       • Reference
         • It generally uses pronuons to refer to nouns
         • Jack is my brother. He´s ten years old.
       • Ellipsis
         • It completely eliminates a word or phrase
         • My father wears hats and sometimes, scarfs. (It doesn´t say '... sometimes wears...')
       • Substitution
         • It replaces a word or a phrase for another
         • John wants to travel the world if he does, he´ll go to Africa first.
       • Conjuction
         • It explicits the relationship between the first and the second sentence
         • Anna needed rest, however she couln´t take the day off.
       • Lexical Cohesion
         • It uses synonyms to refer to a word (family of words)
         • My sister sleeps with a TEDDY BEAR and a PINK MAGIC WOND, they are her favourite TOYS
     • Register
       • Formality
         • Formal interacton such as with authorities
       • Informality
         • Informal interaction such as with friends and family
       • Field
         • The social activity and subject of disussion as context of the language used.
       • Tenor
         • The rol and relationship between the interlocutors
       • Mode
         • The channels of communication.
     • Genre
       • Closely related with register. It´s the linguistic variation due to communicative purposes of the language used
       • Patterns of words
       • Structure
       • Voice
     • Given and new
       • related to theme and rheme
       • Given
         • The info that the writer assumes as known by the reader
       • New
         • The info that the writer cannot assume as known by the reader
       • Common patern
         • It introduces new info in the theme of a sentence and then treats it as the given info in the next rheme