22603252
Growth and Development in Children
- How does growth
occur?
- Growth Hormone
released from
hypothalamus and
pituitary
- Tissues will
reproduce
- The skeleton will grow
- Growth Hormone
released from
hypothalamus and
pituitary
- Growth rates
- First years of
growth = trunk
length has the
fastest growth
rate
- From then till
puberty = legs have
the fastest growth
rate (lower leg
problems – ankle
and knee)
- Puberty till full size =
spine catches up
(producing lower back
problems)
- Puberty till full size =
spine catches up
(producing lower back
problems)
- From then till
puberty = legs have
the fastest growth
rate (lower leg
problems – ankle
and knee)
- The body can
become
disproportionate
- First years of
growth = trunk
length has the
fastest growth
rate
- Phases of development
- Gains head
control = 3
months
- Lying will grasp foot = 5 months
- Sit with straight back = 6 months
- Pulls to standing = 9 months
- Walk = 12-15 months
- Stands of one leg with arms folded = 4 years
- Hop = 5 years
- Gains head
control = 3
months
- Height and Weight
- Boys
- Puberty = 10 – 14 years
- Adult height = 18 years
- Weight gain
mainly muscle
mass
- Increase in shoulder width =
increased anchorage = increased
strength
- Puberty = 10 – 14 years
- Girls
- Puberty = 9 – 12 years
- Adult height = 16
years
- Weight gain mainly
fat mass and less
muscle
- Increase in pelvic width =
lower centre of gravity =
balance
- Puberty = 9 – 12 years
- Boys
- What is a growth spurt?
- A rapid period of cell production at
the growth plate
- Results in an
increase in bone
length and
therefore height
- Can occur at
different ages
and for a varied
length of time
- Most
common 0-5
years and
11-14 years
- Associated problems
- Muscle and soft tissues –
do not grow causing them
to stretch and adapt
- Pain – joints under more
tension/pain in bones
- Balance and
coordination
impaired
- Performance impaired
- Muscle and soft tissues –
do not grow causing them
to stretch and adapt
- A rapid period of cell production at
the growth plate
- Sport
- Resistance and muscle group training
- Post-pubescent
– will respond
with increase in
muscle mass
- Pre-pubescent – will not
increase muscle mass. Will
respond with neurological
adaptations (muscle fibre
recruitment and motor
coordination)
- Post-pubescent
– will respond
with increase in
muscle mass
- Guidelines
- Children should do a
minimum of 60 mins
moderate – intense physical
activity each day (DH 2004)
- Physical activity in
England is estimated to
cost £8.2 bil a year (DH
2004)
- A sedentary lifestyle is also
estimated to cause 54,000
premature deaths per annum (dept
for sport 2002)
- Girls are less likely to
meet targets
- Children walking
or cycling to
school has fallen
significantly
- Fear of children playing outside
- Children should do a
minimum of 60 mins
moderate – intense physical
activity each day (DH 2004)
- Resistance and muscle group training
- Common Pathologies
- Osgood Schlatters
- Osteochondritis of tibial
tubercle
- Related to
overuse and
growth
- age 11-15, boys > girls
- Treatment
- rest
- muscle stretches
- electrotherapy
- immobilisation
- rest
- Osteochondritis of tibial
tubercle
- Sinding Larsens
- Osteochondritis of
ole of patella (tendon
pulls on patella)
- Related to growth
and overuse, can
occur in adults
- Age 9 - 13, boys > girls
- Treatment
- Rest
- Stretches
- Surgery
- Rest
- Osteochondritis of
ole of patella (tendon
pulls on patella)
- Severs Disease
- Traction
apophysis
(pull of
Achilles)
- 9 - 12 years
- Can be linked to other
diseases e.g. RA
- Treatment
- Rest
- Stretches
- Rest
- Traction
apophysis
(pull of
Achilles)
- Osgood Schlatters
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