18 months

18 months

1. Physical development

   • Gross motor skills
     • Can walk steadily, stop safely, without sitting down suddenly.
     • Can Climb forward into an adult chair and then turn around and sit.
     • Can Kneel upright without support
     • Can squat to pick up or move a toy.
     • Can move without support from squatting position to standing
     • Can climb up and down stairs if their hand is held or using rail for balance.
     • Can crawl backwards.
     • Can run steadily but unable to avoid obstacles in their path.
   • Fine motor skills
     • Gross manipulative skills
       • Can point to known objects
       • Can build a tower of three or more bricks
     • Fine manipulative skills
       • Can use delicate pincer grasp to pick up very small objects
       • Can use spoon when feeding themeselves
       • Can hold pencil in their whole hand or between the thumb and the first two fingers (Primitive tripod grasp)
       • Can scribble to and fro with pencil
       • Can thread large beads onto a lace or string
       • Can control their wrist movement to manipulate objects
       • Can remove small objects from a bottle by turning it upside-down
   • Sensory
     • Recognize familiar people at distance
     • Realize that they are looking at themselves in the mirror
     • No longer take everything to their mouths to explore it

2. Cognitive & language development

   • Know the names of parts of their bodies, and can point to them when asked
   • Use 6-40 recognizable words and understand many more
   • Echo the last part of what others say (echolalia)
   • Over-extended words or signs, giving them several meanings (holophrase)
   • Begin waving their arms up and down, meaning 'start again', 'more' , or ' I like it'
   • use gestures alongside words
   • Indicate desire by pointing, urgent vocalizations or words
   • Obey simple instructions, such as ' Shut the door
   • Enjoy trying to sing
   • Refer to themselves by name
   • Recognize that people may different desires

3. Emotional & Social development

   • Remember where objects belongs
   • Play contentedly alone (solitary play)
   • Are eager to be independent
   • Are aware that others are fearful or anxious for them as they climb on or off chairs
   • Alternate between clinging and resistance
   • May easily become frustrated, with occasional temper tantrums
   • May indicate toilet needs by restlessness or words
   • Can follow and enjoy stories and rhymes that include repetition

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