Domain 4 - Creating a Database (What to Consider)

Domain 4 - Creating a Database (What to Consider)

1. Data Standards

   • Protocols the help ensure that data transmitted from one sustem to another remain comparable
   • Structure & Content
     • Specify type of data to be collected. Exa - ASTM Continuity of Care Record (CCR)
   • Functional EHR
     • EHR supports the component functions it was designed for Exa - Health Level Seven (HL7)
   • Tech/Interoperability:
     • Standards that complement other types of standards and make interoperability possible by providing the roles, or protocols, of how these data are actually transmitted from one computer system to another. Exa - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)

2. Database Management (DM)

   • Software that organizes, provides access to & manages a database
   • DM Planning
     • Planning is the crucial 1st step for effective mgmt of data. Identification of goals, budget & time constraints, and stakeholders is crucial. 
   • Data Sets
     • Recommended or required summary of data elements Exa - Mailing Address
     • Common Data Sets: 1. Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set (UHDDS)  2. Healthcare Effectiveness Data & Information Set (HEDIS) 3. Outcome & Assessment Information Set (OASIS)  4. Data Element for Emergency Department Systems (DEEDS) 5. Essential Medical Data Set (EMDS) 
   • Data Dictionary
     • Ensures accuracy by defining and standardizing data
     • Maintain Data Dictionary By: 1. Know the data 2. Map the data across all systems  3. Develop a data quality mgmt process 4. Comply w/regulations & standards 5. Ensure accuracy of data collection & reporting 6. Establish change mgmt  policies & procedures 7. Develop active & ongoing user education & training
   • Data Integrity
     • Complete, accurate, consistent & up-to-date data Pitfalls: 1. Incorrecct Data Entry 2. Data Tampering 3. Hardware & Software Malfunctions 4. Power Outages
   • Database Types
     • 1st Type  Relational - stores data in a table format, similiar to a spreadsheet with columns & rows  a) Key - A single column or group of columns that uniquely identifies a record b) Primary Key - Combination of attributes that make each row in a table unique c) Foreign Key - Relate tables in the database to one another
     • 2nd Type Object-Oriented - Stores & organizes data in the form of objects. This can include data types such as graphics, audio & videos. No primary keys
     • 3rd Type Object-Relational - Combination of both relational and object oriented