Levels of Organisation

Levels of Organisation

1. Chemicals

2. Cells

   • Smallest functional unit
   • Plasma Membrane
     • Phospholipid bilayer
       • Hydrophobic Region (Non-Polar Tails)
       • Hydrophilic Region (Polar Heads)
     • Proteins
       • + Bilayer =
         • Membrane Transport
           • Passive Transport (High --> Low)
             • Diffusion
             • Facilitated diffusion
             • Filtration
             • Osmosis
           • Active Transport (Energy Required)
             • Bulk Transport
               • Exocytosis (EXIT)
               • Endocytosis (ENTER)
         • Receptors
         • Enzymes
     • Carbohydrates (Blood Type)
     • Cholesterol
     • Cytoskeleton
     • Projections
       • Cilia
         • Little hairs help transport
       • Microvilli
         • ^SA= ^ absortion
   • Organelles
     • Mitochondrion
     • Lysosome
     • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
     • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
     • Nucleus
     • Ribosomes
     • Golgi Apparatus
   • Cytoplasm

3. Tissues

   • Epithelial Tissue
     • Simple (Single layer)
       • Squamous
       • Cuboidal
       • Columnar
     • Stratified (Many Layers)
   • Connective tissue
     • Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
     • Cells
     • Blood (Plasma)
   • Muscular Tissues
     • Smooth Muscle
     • Skeletal Muscle
     • Cardiac Muscle
   • Nervous Tissue
     • Structures
       • Axon
       • Nucleus
       • Dentrites
       • Cell Body
       • Axon Terminal
     • Cells
       • Glial Cells
       • Neurons

4. Organs

   • Heart
   • Liver
   • Lungs
   • Kidney

5. Organ systems

   • Muscular System
     • Enables movement of body and internal organs
   • Skeletal system
     • Supports and protects the body
   • Integumentary System
     • Protects underlying tissues,Regulate body temperature,House sensory receptors, Synthesise Vitamin D
   • Reproductive System
     • Production of offspring "babies"
   • Urinary System
     • Removes waste produced by cells
   • Respiratory System
     • Respire-take in oxygen,eliminate carbon dioxide
   • Digestive System
     • Breakdown food and absorbs nutrients
   • Lymphatic System
     • Rids body of disease-causing microorganisms and viruses
   • Endocrine system
     • Secrete hormones
   • Cardiovascular System
     • Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells of the body
   • Nervous System
     • Detects information from the environment and controls body functions

6. Organism

   • The Human Body
     • Water 65%
       • Intracellular=25L
       • Interstitial Fluid (Tissue) =12L
       • Blood (Plasma) =3L
     • Proteins 15%
     • Fats 10%
     • Minerals 8%