Enzymes and Energy

Enzymes and Energy

1. Laws of Thermodynamics

   • 1. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Only transferred or transformed
   • 2. All systems increase in disorder
   • Describes energy and its transformation
   • Spontaneous reactions ( a reaction will occur)
     • Enthalpy (POTENTIAL Energy) contributes
       • Product Energy lower
     • Entropy (Disorder) Contributes
       • Product Entropy higher
     • FREE ENERGY
       • Energy available for work
       • For a spontaneous reaction to occur, the products must have less free energy
         • Exergonic Reaction
           • Reaches equilibrium instead of going to complete
           • Releases free energy
           • Catabolic Pathway
       • DG = DH - TDS D = Delta, H = Enthalpy, T = Kelvin, S = Entropy
     • No energy input needed

2. Kinetic

3. Potential

4. Endergonic Reaction

   • Cosumes Free Energy
   • Anabolic pathway
   • ATP
     • Hydrolysis releases free energy
       • ADP and inorganic phosphate
     • Energy Coupling
     • Cells use couple reactions for ATP Regeneration
       • ATP/ADP CYCLE

5. Metabolic pathways (sum of chemical reactions)