2379843
Description
Mind Map by Emily Broomfield, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Broomfield
about 9 years ago
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Chemistry C1 (Edexcel) Core
- Atoms
- Electrons
- Move Around the Nucleus
- Negative Charge -1
- 2 Atoms in the first
Shell 8 in the rest
E.G oxygen (8
Electrons) 2 on the
inner 6 on the next
- Move Around the Nucleus
- Nucleus
- Centre of an Atom
- Contains Protons and Neutrons
- Positive Charge +1
Negative Charge 0
- Almost whole mass of
atom is concentrated here
- Centre of an Atom
- Protons
- Equal but opposite charges
- Same number of
electrons and protons in
an atom
- Equal but opposite charges
- Electrons
- Elements
- Only have 1 type of atom.
- Each element has a different number of protons
- Only have 1 type of atom.
- Mixtures and
Compunds
- Mixtures are easily seperated
- Compounds are chemically bonded
- properties of compounds are
different to original element
- Naming Compounds 1) when two different
elements combine, the compounds name is
something-IDE 2) When three or more
elements combine, and one of them is
oxygen the compounds name is something
ATE
- Mixtures are easily seperated
- Chemical Reactions
- Exothermic Reactions
- Exothermic reactions give out heat to
surroundings and are shown by a rise in
temperature
- Exothermic reactions give out heat to
surroundings and are shown by a rise in
temperature
- Endothermic Reactions
- Endothermic Reactions take
in heat from the surrounding,
and are shown by a fall in
temperatre
- Endothermic Reactions take
in heat from the surrounding,
and are shown by a fall in
temperatre
- Exothermic Reactions
- Periodic Table
- Elements are put in order of
increasing atomic number
- Dimitri Mendeleev made the table
of elements 1869
- Gaps in his table predicted properties
of undiscovered elements
- Gaps in his table predicted properties
of undiscovered elements
- Periods
- Rows are
called
Periods
- Properties of elements change as you go
along a period
- Rows are
called
Periods
- Groups
- columns are called groups
- properties of elements have similar
properties because they have the
same number of electrons in the
outer shell
- properties of elements
gradually change as you go
down a group.
- columns are called groups
- Elements are put in order of
increasing atomic number
- Common Substances and ions
- Water (H2O)
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
- Sodium Hydroxide (naoh)
- Ammonie (nh3)
- Methane (ch4)
- Sodium Hydroxide Carbonate (nahco3)
- Sodium Hydroxide Carbonate (nahco3)
- Methane (ch4)
- Ammonie (nh3)
- Sodium Hydroxide (naoh)
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Positive Ions +1
- Hydrogen (H)
- Silver (AG)
- all the first group of metals
- Hydrogen (H)
- Positive Ions +2
- Iron (II) (FE)
- Copper (II) (Cu)
- Zinc (Zn)
- All the
second
group of
metals
- Iron (II) (FE)
- Positive ions +3
- Aluminium (AL)
- Ion (III)
- Aluminium (AL)
- Negative Ions -2
- Oxide (O)
- Sulphide (S)
- Carbonate (CO3)
- Sulphate (SO4)
- Oxide (O)
- Negative -1
- Hydroxide (OH)
- Nitrate (NO3)
- All of the seventh
group of metals
- Hydroxide (OH)
- Water (H2O)
- Alkali Metals
(Group 1)
- They have one electron on the outer shell and
want to get rid of it so they are very active
- Elements further down the
group are more reactive
because the extra electron if
further from the nucleus.
- Elements in group 1 are
more reactive as the atomic
number increases.
- Alkali Metal + water -----> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
- They have one electron on the outer shell and
want to get rid of it so they are very active
- The Halogens (Group 7)
- Halogens are used in
toothpaste and non-stick
coasting on frying pans
- On their own they are
poisonous
- Chlorine is used to kill bacteria and is
used in bleach and swimming pools.
- Iodine is used as an antiseptic
- Aas the atomic number
increases the elements get
darker and have a higher boiling
point
- the higher up group 7 the
element is, the more reactive
it is.
- Halogens move around in pairs,
they are diatomic
- Metals + Halogen = Salt (Metal Halide)
- E.G Aluminium + Chlorine = Aluminium ChlorIDE
- E.G Aluminium + Chlorine = Aluminium ChlorIDE
- Fluorine (F) , Pale Yellow Gas.
- Chlorine (CL), Pale Green Gas
- Bromine (BR), Dark Red Liquid
- Iodine (I) Purple Black Liquid
- Astatine (AT) Grey-Black Solid
- Astatine (AT) Grey-Black Solid
- Iodine (I) Purple Black Liquid
- Bromine (BR), Dark Red Liquid
- Chlorine (CL), Pale Green Gas
- Halogens are used in
toothpaste and non-stick
coasting on frying pans
- Noble Gases (Group O)
- Colourless at room
temperature.
- Inert full outer
shell so they
don't react
- Neon is used in
electric discharge
tubes (red Light)
- Helium neon and argon are
used in lasers
- Helium is used in
airships and party
balloons
- Argon is used in
Filament laps (Light
Bulbs)
- Colourless at room
temperature.
- Precipitates
- Cobalt - Blue (turns grey when
left standing.
- Copper - Pale Blue
- Iron (II) Dark green (Turns
orange brown when left
standing)
- Iron (III) - Orange
Brown
- Manganese - Pale Brown
- Nickel - Green
- Zinc- White
- Cobalt - Blue (turns grey when
left standing.
- Flame Test Colours
- Lithium RED
- Sodium INTENSE YELLOOW
- Potassium LILAC
- Calcium BRICK RED
- Barium PALE GREEN
- Copper GREEN BLUE
- Lithium RED
- Acids and Bases.
- Alkalis are Soluble
- Citric Acid - Food Additive to
add sour taste to foods and
soft drinks
- Ethanoic Acid - Acid in Vinegar.
Used in bottles and photographic
film and wood glue. diluted
ethanoic acid is used as a
descaling agent for kettle.
- Hydrochloric acid - Plastics. used to process steel. Dilute
solutions used for cleaning, stomach acid
- Phosphoric Acid -
production of petrol,
nylon and
detergents
- Ammonia Fertilizers - used in
manufacturing of nitric acid and
sodium carbonate. Dilute
Ammonia used for cleaning.
- Sodium Hydroxide - Caustic Soda.
Used to make Bleach and other
cleaning products E.G drain unblocker.
used in soap, paper and textile
manufacture
- Alkalis are Soluble
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