2379864
Description
Mind Map by charlottebowen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by charlottebowen
over 10 years ago
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Short term memory
- Duration
- Peterson and Peterson (1959). Participants were asked to recall the consonant trigrams after
differing lengths of time. Experimenters said out load a triagram and paritipants had to try and
remember it
- Time were allowed between recall - 3 ,6 ,9 ,12 ,18 seconds
- Findings- About 90% of trigrams were recalled after a 3 second
retention interval but only 5% after 18 seconds. This shows that STM
has a limited capacity of less than 30 seconds
- - Lacks ecological validity as it was conducted in a lab. This
means it is not representative to a real life setting
- - Methodology flawed, asked a range of different trigrams in each trial so this
could have led to confusion so interference would have affected their data
- - Methodology flawed, asked a range of different trigrams in each trial so this
could have led to confusion so interference would have affected their data
- Peterson and Peterson (1959). Participants were asked to recall the consonant trigrams after
differing lengths of time. Experimenters said out load a triagram and paritipants had to try and
remember it
- Capacity
- Miller (1956) Paticipants were asked to recall digits in lab
conditions. Findings- Participants recalled between 5-9 digits.
- Digits were recalled better than letters. STM memory span increased with age.
Type of information does not determine span which is fairly cosistent in
individuals
- The STM has a limited storage capacity of between 5-9
items. This can be improved with techniques such as
chunking
- _ Lacks ecological validity as it was not representative to a real life
setting. For example, memories are not normally involving numbers
- + Findings have been usefully applied to improving memory. This means the research although it
was in a lab, impacted the real world
- + Findings have been usefully applied to improving memory. This means the research although it
was in a lab, impacted the real world
- Miller (1956) Paticipants were asked to recall digits in lab
conditions. Findings- Participants recalled between 5-9 digits.
- Encoding
- Baddeley (1966) Lab experiment to examine whether encoding is primarily acoustic or
semantic. 75 Participants were presented with one of four lists
repeated four times.
- List A - Acoustically similar words - 'cat' 'mat'
List B- Acoustically dissimilar words - 'pig' 'day'
List C- Semantically similar words - 'huge' 'big'
List D- Semantically dissimilar words - 'hot' 'safe'
- Findings- participants given List A
(accoustically similar words) performed the
worst, with a recall of only 10%. They
confused similar sounding sounds such as
recalling 'cap' instead of 'cat'. Recalling the
other lists can be compatiely good at
between 60%-90%
- Conclusion- since list A was recalled the least effectively, it
seems there is acoustic confusion in STM, Suggesting STM is
encoded on an acoustic basis
- + Baddeley's findings make 'cognitive sense'. For example, if you had to
remember a shopping list, you would repeat it aloud (acousitic
rehearsal)
- - This was a lab experiment and therefore shows causality (cause and effect
relationships) but may lack ecological validity (not representative to real life activities)
- Baddeley (1966) Lab experiment to examine whether encoding is primarily acoustic or
semantic. 75 Participants were presented with one of four lists
repeated four times.
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