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Structure of the atom
- Structure of the nucleus
- Consists of:
- Positively charged Protons
- Atomic number (Z) = no. protons in atom
- Atomic number (Z) = no. protons in atom
- Neutral Neutrons
- Mass number (A) = no. neutrons in atom (N) + Atomic no.(Z)
- Mass number (A) = no. neutrons in atom (N) + Atomic no.(Z)
- Protons and neutron together known as nucleons
- Positively charged Protons
- Consists of:
- Electrons and charge of an atom
- In neutral atom no. protons = no. electrons around nucleus
- Atom becomes charged by gaining/losing electrons
- Atoms gaining electrons are negatively charged
- negative ions called anions
- negative ions called anions
- Atoms losing electrons are positively charged
- positive ions called cation
- positive ions called cation
- Atoms gaining electrons are negatively charged
- Atom with charge called ion
- In neutral atom no. protons = no. electrons around nucleus
- E.g. Ion Al
- Atomic no. (Z) = 13
- Mass no. (A) = 27
- No. protons (Z)= 13
- atom had 13 electrons when neutral. but gains 3 electrons to obtain 3+ chare
- No. electrons =>13-3 = 10 electrons
- No. electrons =>13-3 = 10 electrons
- No. neutrons (N) = mass no. (A) - Atomic no. ( Z)
- 27-13= 14 neutron
- 27-13= 14 neutron
- Atomic no. (Z) = 13
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