Memory (Cognitive)

Memory (Cognitive)

1. Models of Memory

   • STM
     • Capacity: 5-9 items
       • Jacobs
         • Digit Span test: reading a series of digits that gets profressively longer
           • Conclusion: STM has a limited capacity and info is displaced by new info
       • Miller
         • Chunking can increase capacity
     • Duration: 18 seconds
       • Peterson&Peterson
         • Lab: Nonsense Triagram repeated 7 times
           • Findings: 3 seconds = 80% recall --- 6 seconds = 50% recall --- 18 seconds = fewer than 10% recall
     • Encoding: Acoustic
       • Baddeley
         • Word List: Acoustically similar & Dissimilar
         • Conrad
           • Letter List: acoustically similar&dissimilar
   • LTM
     • Capacity: Unlimited
       • Interference&Retrieval failure rather than forgetting the info
       • Anokhin
         • Conclusion: No human yet exists who can use 100% of their brains potential - suggests LTM is limitless
     • Duration: Unlimited
       • Bahrick
         • Free recall test, list of school friends, photo recognition test, name recognition test of ex school friends
           • Findings: names& faces = 15 years = 90% accuracy --- 48 years = 80% --- Free recall = 15 years = 60% accurate --- 48 years = 30% accurate
             • Conclusion: Recognition better than recall = in real life our memories contain vast amounts of info but we are not always able to recall it.