The brain

The brain

1. 1.5 kg

2. Volume

   • Male
     • 1260 cm^3
   • Female
     • 1130 cm^3

3. Myelinated axons in the brain (age 20)

   • Female
     • 149 000 km
   • Male
     • 176 000 km

4. Built

   • Grey matter
     • White matter
       • Corpus Callosum
         • Lateral Ventricles
           • Lateral Sulces
             • Temporal lobe
   • Meninges
     • Three layers
       • Dura Mater
         • Arachnoid Layer
           • Pia Mater
     • Meningitis
       • Infection of meninges and CSF
         • CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid
           • Produced in the ventricles
             • Around the brain and Spinal cord
               • Between Arachnoid and Pia
           • Cushions the brain

5. Internal features

   • Gyrus
     • Formed by foldings of Cerebral Cortex
   • Sulcus
     • Usually found in neocortex or Cerebellum
   • Fissure
     • A very deep sulcus

6. Divisions

   • Cerebrum
     • Divided into 4 parts
       • Frontal
       • Temporal
       • Occipital
       • Parietal
     • Functions
       • Thinking
       • Memory
       • Speaking
       • Movement
   • The Brain Stem
     • Oldest part of the brain
     • Automatic survival functions
       • Breathing
       • Heartbeat
       • Blood pressure
     • Midbrain
       • Auditory and Visual reflex centre
     • Medulla
       • Breathing
       • Heat rate
       • Relay
         • Brain
         • Spinal Cord
     • Pons
       • Motor Control
       • Sensory analysis
   • Cerebellum
     • "The little brain"
     • Functions
       • Regulation
       • Coordination of movement
       • Posture
       • Balance
       • Muscle tone
   • Limbic system
     • "Emotional brain"
       • Fear
       • Anger
       • Sexual behavior
       • Survival mechanisms
     • Thalamus
       • Consciousness
       • Sleep
       • Alertness
     • Hypothalamus
       • Autonomic nervous system
       • Blood pressure
       • Heart rate
       • Hunger/Thirst
       • Sexual arousal
       • Sleep/awake cycle
     • Amygdala
       • Memory
       • Emotion
       • Fear
     • Hippocampus
       • Learning
       • Memory

7. Visual pathways

   • LVF- Right visual cortex
     • Language
   • RVF - Left Visual Cortex
     • Patterns
     • Faces

8. Audition

   • Left side dominant
     • Language Processing

9. Anatomical Differences

   • Left
     • Extends further posteriorly
     • Relatively more grey matter
     • Larger insula
     • Longer Sylvian Fissure
     • Double Cingulate gyrus
     • Larger inferiour parietal lobule
     • Wider Occipital lobe
     • Larger total area of frontal operculum
   • Right
     • Expands further anteriorly
     • Larger and Heavier
     • Smaller insula
     • Shorter Sylvian Fissure
     • Single Cungulate gyrus
     • Smaller inferior parietal lobule
     • Narrower occipital lobe
     • Wider frontal lobe