2551567
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Mind Map by sjheelboy97, updated more than 1 year ago
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Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia including reliability and validity.
- AO1
- Brief facts and figures
- 50 times higher risk of attempting suicide
- Suicide is number one cause of
premature deaths among people with
schizophrenia
- Over a lifetime, about 1% of the
population will develop schizophrenia
- 50 times higher risk of attempting suicide
- DSM-V
- Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders 5th
edition
- Certain groups of
symptoms can be classed
together as a syndrome
- Allows mental disorders to
be diagnosed and treated
- Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders 5th
edition
- Selective criteria from DSM-V
- Must have two or more
characteristic symptoms present
for a significant portion of time
- e.g. delusions,
hallucinations, disorganised
speech
- e.g. delusions,
hallucinations, disorganised
speech
- Social/occupational
dysfunction for a significant
portion of time
- Duration: continuos signs
of disturbance for at least
6 months
- Must have two or more
characteristic symptoms present
for a significant portion of time
- Positive and negative symptoms
- Positive Symptoms are
those that appear to reflect
an excess or distortion of
normal functions
- e.g. delusions,
hallucinations, disrorganied
speech
- e.g. delusions,
hallucinations, disrorganied
speech
- Negative Symptoms are those
that appear to reflect a loss of
normal functions
- e.g. effective flattening, alogia, avolition
- e.g. effective flattening, alogia, avolition
- Positive Symptoms are
those that appear to reflect
an excess or distortion of
normal functions
- Brief facts and figures
- AO2
- DSM-V
- Advantage of the DSM-V is that
therapies are usually specific to
certain disorders so a reliable
diagnosis can point to a particular
type of therapy
- Disadvantage of the
DSM-V is misdiagnosis as
if this occurs, it could lead
to inappropriate treatment
and sometimes, wrongful
institutionalisation
- Advantage of the DSM-V is that
therapies are usually specific to
certain disorders so a reliable
diagnosis can point to a particular
type of therapy
- Reliability
- Refers to the consistency of a
measuring instrument to asses
and diagnosis schizophrenia
- Inter-rater reliability refers to
whether two independent
assessors give similar diagnoses
- Challenges- WHALEY (2001)- found inter-rater
reliability correlations in the diagnosis of
Schizophrenia as low as +0.11
- Supports- Jakobsen et al. (2005)
took a random sample of 100
danish patients with a history of
psychosis and found high
sensitivity of inter rater reliability of
93%
- AO3- Cultural Bias
- AO3- Cultural Bias
- Challenges- WHALEY (2001)- found inter-rater
reliability correlations in the diagnosis of
Schizophrenia as low as +0.11
- Test-retest reliability refers to
whether tests used to deliver
these diagnoses are
consistent over time
- Supports- PRESCOTT et al. (1986) analysed the test retest reliability of
several measure of attention and information processing in 14 chronic
schizophrenics and found performances on these measures were
stable over 6 months
- AO3- Longitudinal
- AO3- Longitudinal
- Supports- PRESCOTT et al. (1986) analysed the test retest reliability of
several measure of attention and information processing in 14 chronic
schizophrenics and found performances on these measures were
stable over 6 months
- Inter-rater reliability refers to
whether two independent
assessors give similar diagnoses
- Refers to the consistency of a
measuring instrument to asses
and diagnosis schizophrenia
- Validity
- Refers to the extent that a diagnosis represents
something that is real and distinct from other
disorders and that the extent the DSM-V measures
what it claims to measure
- Comorbidity refers to the extent that two or more conditions
co-occur. Psychiatric comorbidities are common in
schizophrenics including substance abuse, anxiety and
symptoms of depression
- Support- BUCKLEY et al. (2009) estimate that comorbid
depression occurs in 50% of patients and 47% of patients
also have a lifetime diagnosis of comorbid substance abuse.
This creates difficulties in the diagnosis of the disorder as
well as treatment.
- Support- BUCKLEY et al. (2009) estimate that comorbid
depression occurs in 50% of patients and 47% of patients
also have a lifetime diagnosis of comorbid substance abuse.
This creates difficulties in the diagnosis of the disorder as
well as treatment.
- Comorbidity refers to the extent that two or more conditions
co-occur. Psychiatric comorbidities are common in
schizophrenics including substance abuse, anxiety and
symptoms of depression
- ROSENHANN- being sane in insane places
- AO3- ethics
- AO3- ethics
- Refers to the extent that a diagnosis represents
something that is real and distinct from other
disorders and that the extent the DSM-V measures
what it claims to measure
- DSM-V
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