HOW IMPORTANT IS GRAMMAR IN ACQUIRING AND USING A SECOND LANGUAGE

HOW IMPORTANT IS GRAMMAR IN ACQUIRING AND USING A SECOND LANGUAGE

1. LEARNING THE GRAMMAR OF A SECOND LANGUAGE

   • A second major for grammar is changing the form of words
     • This can be done through inflections on the en of the word.
   • A major grammatical force in many languages is agreement.
     • Different parts of the sentence together, nouns, adjectives or articles agree with each otlm in terms of gender, number or other grammatical properties
   • A third resource is grammatical systems
     • According to Michael Halliday, grammar is seen as a network of interrelated meaningful choices.
   • L2 learners might use some version of the present tense.
     • - She laugh - in the overall grammatical system they possess: it has a limited meaning for them within their grammar of the moment, however simple that may be.
   • Learners Interlanguage Grammar
     • Second Language sentences encountered
     • Other influences, such as teaching
     • First Language Known
     • A sentence may have:
       • 1- A noun followed by a verb (and sometimes another noun)
       • 2- A noun followed by a form of be and another noun or an adjective: it's bread
       • 3- A verb followed by a noun phrase: Pinching its.
     • Some sentences from L2 students
       • 1- We have may book about him
       • 2- One of the most important things in the American social relationship is a punctuality
       • 3- I have experienced myself many culture shocks
       • 4- They proud of it very much
       • 5- I just eight month before here
       • 6- Because then have you to speak in very situation (in this language)
       • 7- The goverment try to bring the most advantage things to develope the nation

2. THREE AREAS OF GRAMMAR

   • GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES
     • Some of the earliest research on SLA grammar looked at how L2 learners acquire the grammatical inflections and function words of English, grouped together as grammatical morphemes.
       • 1 The/ a
       • 2 ing
       • 3 plural - s
       • 4 regular past -ed
       • 5 irregular past
       • 6 possessive
       • 7- 3rd person
     • SEQUENCES OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
       • Grammatical morphemes... The/a > .ing > pl. -s reg. -ed> irreg. past> 's > 3rd pers. -s
       • Processability:... Fly > will fly > I will fly > I will fly if possible
       • Negation:... Kenny no> Finish> That's no good> You have a not fish> You didn't can throw it
   • WORD ORDER AND PROCESSING
     • As we saw, one way of identifying of an English sentence is to look for the noun or a noun phrase that comes first.
       • Which is the subject of the sentence
         • 1- The dog pats the tree
         • 2- The horse the rock kisses
         • 3- Watches the monkey the pen
         • 4- The pencil smells the giraffe
         • 5- the ball the cat bites
         • 6- Licks the spoon the bear
         • 7- the dogs bites the monkey
         • 8- The cows the cat watches
         • 9- Pats the pigs the giraffe
         • 10- The monkeys pats the giraffe
         • 11- The bears the turtle pulls
       • ARTICLES
         • Specific
           • Presupposed
             • Singular the pretty girl I met yesterday came in
             • Plural the pretty girls in Dublin's fair city
           • Non-Presupposed
             • Singular a/an a pretty girl came in the room
             • Plural some - some pretty girls came in the room
         • Non-Specific
           • Singular a/an - a pretty girl is like a melody
           • Singular @ Truth is eternal
           • Plural @ pretty girls are like melodies