2565294
Self Report
- Interviews
- Structured
- All participants are asked the same
questions in the same order
- Advantages
- Replicable
- Can be used to compare
people's responses
- Replicable
- Disadvantages
- Time-consuming
- People's responses can be
affected by social
desirability/demand
characteristics
- Time-consuming
- All participants are asked the same
questions in the same order
- Unstructured
- Discuss freely and the interviewer
creates questions based on the
response of the previous questions
- Advantages
- Detailed
qualitative data
- Detailed
qualitative data
- Disadvantages
- Time-consuming
- Participants affected by
social desirability
- Time-consuming
- Discuss freely and the interviewer
creates questions based on the
response of the previous questions
- Structured
- Examples
- Dement and Kleitman
- Participants asked to report what they
were dreaming
- Participants asked to report what they
were dreaming
- Griffiths
- Participants were asked to 'think aloud'
while playing on the fruit machine
- Participants were asked to 'think aloud'
while playing on the fruit machine
- Freud
- Hans' father was asked about
Hans' dreams and fantasies
- Hans' father was asked about
Hans' dreams and fantasies
- Dement and Kleitman
- Questionnaires
- Written responses or face to face
- Usually restrict participants with a
narrow range of answers
- Usually restrict participants with a
narrow range of answers
- Advantages
- Can collect a large amount of
information quickly
- Replicable
- Can collect a large amount of
information quickly
- Disadvantages
- Questions could suggest a desirable
response, affected by demand
characteristics
- Questions could suggest a desirable
response, affected by demand
characteristics
- Open questions
- Advantages
- Qualitative data
- Collect detailed explanations of why
people behave the way they do
- Collect detailed explanations of why
people behave the way they do
- Qualitative data
- Disadvantages
- Difficult to analyse data
- Can't be used to make
statistical comparisons
- May be misinterpreted by researcher
- Can't be used to make
statistical comparisons
- Difficult to analyse data
- Advantages
- Closed questions
- Multiple chose questions
- Advantages
- Quantitative data can be
structurally analysed and
used to makes comparisons
- Quantitative data can be
structurally analysed and
used to makes comparisons
- Disadvantages
- Quantitative data
- Don't know explanation for behaviour
- Don't know explanation for behaviour
- Quantitative data
- Multiple chose questions
- Rating Scale
- Score of
response
- Advantages
- Numerical value with a
subjective opinion
- Analysed statistically, compared and
presented on graphs
- Analysed statistically, compared and
presented on graphs
- Numerical value with a
subjective opinion
- Disadvantages
- Even if participants select the same value it
doesn't mean they share the same opinions
- Quantitative data may hide qualitative differences of opinion
- Quantitative data may hide qualitative differences of opinion
- Even if participants select the same value it
doesn't mean they share the same opinions
- Score of
response
- Written responses or face to face
- Ethics
- Should be protected from
psychological harm
- Should be free to
withdraw
- Protection of
confidentiality
- Should be protected from
psychological harm
- Advantages
- Qualitative and
quantitative data
- Data from straight
from participant
- Reason for behaviour which
cannot be done in obeservational
and experimental methods
- Qualitative and
quantitative data
- Disadavntages
- Demand characteristics and social desirability bias
- Demand characteristics and social desirability bias
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