Hos 1:2 was Gomer a
prostitute? Sexual and
marital metaphors-
God:husband
Israel:wife
Adultory:Idolatry
Gomer- a victim of violence
or victim of a metaphor? Is
violence within a marriage
acceptable (cf Exek 16,23)
Must women identify
themselves with either the
male Hosea or the female
prostitute? How do these
metaphors influence our
views of marriage?
chs 4-14
Divine oracles
Hosea's message
of judgement
There are glimmers of hope: God's
honeymoon with Israel in the
wilderness (9:10) Israel's corruptness
goes a long way back. God's
ambivalent feelings; compassion and
wrath (11:8-9) The people have sinned
and must suffer the consequences but
God's love for her makes it hard for
him to punish thiem. God is willing to
change his mind in the face of
repentance (6:11, 7:13)
BUT as the situation gets steadily
worse, in the end there is no turning
back; Judgement is coming regardless of
the people's action (13:14)
Born: Tekoa in Judah
Prophecied: in Bethel
Focuses on the internal politics-
never mentions Assyria
Davidic Royalist-was he
critical of the cult in Bethel?
probably not, no textual support
Outline of the book
1:3-2:16 Oracles against the nations of Damascus,
Gaza, Tyrus, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Judah and Israel
chs 3-6 General judgement over Samaria
chs 7:1- 8:3 four visions and Amos' meeting
with the high priest of Amaziah in Bethel
chs 8:4- 8:13 Judgement of
social oppression and exertion
ch 9 universal vision, final judgement and redemption
Election= responsibility, no
excuses for misconduct
glimmer of
hope in 6:15
God is universal, the people are
condemned for crimes against humanity
Themes of Amos
Social Justice
The leaders and their wives are
condemned for living in luxury and
for their copious drinking
Condemnation of
the cult in Bethel
The day of the Lord is no reason for
celebration: foreboding of judgement
rather than confidence in salvation, God
prefers righteous living to sacrifices
Amos the visionary and intercessor
God shows Amos 5 visions
(7:1, 7:4, 7:7, 8:1, 9:1)
Visions
1st- locusts
Plea: forgive, Jacob is so small
Response: God changes his mind
BUT had the locusts finished
their destruction before
Amos' intervention (7:2)
2nd- fire
Plea: Please stop, Jacob is so small
Response: God changes his mind
3rd- plumb line
Hebrew=lead or tin
Suggestion, tin is a reference to the Assyrian military
power- Sennacherib boasts of having increased the
amount of tin in his weapons to make it stronger
No plea but a divine declaration
"I will no more pass them by"
4th- basket of summer fruit
word play:
'summer' and
'end' cf Jer
1:11-12
No plea but a divine
declaration "I will no
more pass them by"
5th- God's
punishment
no one will survive
an original
member of
the series,
fits well
with the
military
content of
the 3rd
vision, the
final result
of God's
punishment
Amaziah calls
him a seer
(7:12)
The visions
create an
impression
of dread
rather than
deliver a
promise
and a
timetable
of
destruction
Hosea the man:
Nothing known
about background
or occupation
Faithless wife: Gomer (1-3)
children with sad names
Jezreel (stands for
bloodshed and
punishment), Unloved
and Not my people
Criticism of contemporaries
Lack of faithfulness,
no knowledge of
God, attack on the
priests, attack on
foreign policy, attack
on social injustice
Attack on the king. 1 Dissolution of the modern
monarchy 2. Opposition in principle to any form of
human kinship. 3. Divine right of the Davidic
dynasty of Judah