Germany 1918-1945 @ gcse revision

The Weimar Republic 1918 - 1933
1. Germany had £6.6 reparation to pay
  1. Germany was weak
2. Kaiser Wilhelm II ruled German Empire as a monarch
  1. Resigned + fled 9th Nov 1918 due to violent unrest
3. New Government led by Frederich Ebert
  1. Germany became a republic
    1. Set up in Weimar
      1. There was violence in Berlin
  2. New Government was democratic
    1. Bill of rights
    2. Men and women over 20 got the vote
  3. Wasn't invited to peace conference in 1919
    1. Had no say in the TOV
      1. Germany didn't want to but had no choice
4. The Weimar had problems
Unrest
1. Hyperinflation
  1. France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr
    1. Biggest industrial part of Germany
    2. Germany's industry was devastated
  2. Germany couldn't pay their reparations
    1. The Government printed more and more money
  3. The value of money dropped dramatically
    1. The middle classes lost out the most because bank saving became useless
    2. The German Mark was worthless
      1. Wages were paid twice a day because the value of the money changed so fast
      2. People burnt their money for warmth
      3. Wheelbarrows were needed to carry money for shopping
2. Riots and rebellions
  1. Spartacist Revolt
    1. Led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
  2. Kapp Putch - March 1920
    1. Led by Wolfgang Kapp
    2. Took over Berlin to form another Government
    3. Workers went on strike so Kapp gave up
    4. Right-wing
3. Public discontent
  1. Most were poor and starving
  2. An influenza epidemic killed thousands
  3. Many Germans denied losing the war and blamed the 'November Criminals'
  4. Some blamed losing the war on communists or Jews
  5. Government was weak and ineffective
Nazis
1. Hitler
  1. Born in Austria 1889
  2. A brave soldier on the Wester front in WW1
  3. charismatic speaker, politically astute
  4. He believed other races were inferior
    1. Anti-Jewish
    2. Herrenvolk - master race, ARYAN
2. Rise of the nazis
  1. The depression caused massive unemplyment in Germany - over 6million by 1933
  2. The Wemar Government kept changing but couldn't solve the ecomomic problems
  3. Extremist groups became more popular
    1. Like the nazis
    2. Because they had storng leadership
  4. They apealed to small businessmen, the unemployed and the young
  5. Hitler made chancellor in 1933
    1. Largest party in the Reichstag
    2. Hindenburg thought that he could control Hitler
  6. Dirty Tricks
    1. Controlled the new media
    2. Oposition meetings were banned
    3. There was a fire in the Reichstag building and and Hitler blamed communists
    4. He was allowed Emergency decrees
    5. Used the SA to terrorise opponents
3. Hitler comes to power
  1. Hitler changed the law to keep control
    1. Hitler declared the communist party illegal
    2. He brought in an enabling bill in March 1933
      1. The bill let him govern for four years without parliment
      2. it made all other parties illegal
  2. The Night of the Long Knives
    1. Hitler was worried about opposition within the nazi party
    2. Hitler sent his men to arrest Ernt Rohm and others
      1. Ernst Rohm led the SA
    3. Several hundred people were killed
  3. Germany was now under strong leaders
    1. It was organsied into a number of provinces
4. Methods of control
  1. Persecution
  2. Propaganda
  3. Censorship
  4. Police State
  5. They saw the church as a threat
5. Opposition
6. Munich Putsch
  1. Aka. The Beer Hall Putsch
    1. Contained Government leaders
  2. Led by Hitler
  3. Attempt to overthrow the Weimar Government
  4. He anounced the revolution
Streseman - recovery
1. Chancellor of a few months then Foreign Minister
  1. He wanted international cooperation
2. Accepted the Dawes Plan in 1934 and introduced a new German Mark
  1. Brought Germany iut of hyperinflations
  2. Called the Rentenmark
  3. USA lends to Germany, germany repays Britain and France and they repay the USA
3. Signed the locarno Treaty in October 1925
  1. In 1925 the French and belgium troops left the Ruhr
  2. Won the Bobel Peace Prize
  3. The Western boarders of germany were agreed but not the Western
  4. Germany joined the league of Nations
4. Berlin became a center for culture
  1. Art
  2. Architecture
  3. Music
  4. Literature
  5. Films
5. He dies in October 1929 just before the Wall Street Crash

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Germany 1918-1945 @ gcse revision

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