3 approaches to arguments!_1

3 approaches to arguments!_1

1. The Rogarian Approach

   • Created by Carl Rodgers, Psychologist
     • This approach stated that people can only resolve an argument through "common ground"
       • Introduction: States the problem and key background information
       • A neutral, non-judgemental statement of the opponent's position: Allowing you to demonstrate your knowledge of your opponent's position
       • A neutral statement of your position
       • An analysis of the two claims: to find "common ground"
       • A Final proposal that suggests a compromise between the two claims

2. The Tomlin Approach

   • Created by Stephen Tomlin, an English philosopher and logician
     • Created six different category for which an argument could be analyzed
       • Claim: A statement you are arguing that you want the audience to accept.
       • Backing: Additional information that fits in with the Grounds and helps confirm the warrant
       • Warrant: Linking the grounds to the claim, to strengthen your claim. Can be based on Ethos, Logos, Pathos.
       • Rebuttal: The chance to discredit any arguments that may oppose the initial claim
       • Qualifier: Giving evidence that the claim may in fact not be true or correctly fitting to the background
       • Grounds: Background info paired with hard facts to state the "ground" for the claim to stand on.

3. The Classical Appproach

   • Developed in the 5th century B.C. by Greek Philosophers
     • Easily understood by the audience
       • Based on "Formal Logic." Otherwise known as Syllogism
         • Syllogism:
           • A basic reasoning technique using deductive arguments in which a conclusion is based off of two premises
             • Deductive: Reasoning based from general premises leading to specific premises
             • Deductive Vs. Inductive
             • Inductive: Reasoning based off of specific premises that can infer larger, general premises
             • Example:
               • All people have hearts
                 • John is a person
                   • Therefore, John has a heart.
         • The Classical Approach is Heavily based on 6 main commponents
           • Introduction: Let's the Audience know who you are and any credibility you have to offer
             • Statement Background: States important background information that leads up to your claim
               • Proposition: Your claim. States the position your taking based on the background information.
                 • Refutation: Anticipates the opposite claims only to refuse them, and show why your solution is the greatest.
                   • Conclusion: Sums up all your important points, and a good place to appeal to your emotions and feelings on the subject.