The Great Depression

The Great Depression

1. Why It Happened

   • farmer income decline
   • banking crisis
   • poor income distribution
   • tariff

2. Human Toll

   • unemployment, pay cuts, reduced hours
   • eviction
   • neglected medical and dental care
   • decreased birth and marriage rate

3. President Hoover

   • "rugged individualism"
   • largest public works policy
   • keep wages high
   • Smoot-Hawley tariff
   • Reconstruction Finance Corperation (RFC)
   • UNICEF and CARE

4. Franklin Delanor Roosevelt

   • promise a New Deal
   • win New York in 1928

5. Farmer's Plight

   • production soared, demand fell
   • tenants further into debt
   • The Dust Bowl
   • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
   • Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
   • Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)

6. Bonus Army

   • World War I veterans and families marched on Washington
   • pay veterans for service
   • Hoover accepted responsibility
     • endorsed MacArthur's charge

7. New Dealers

   • influenced by the Progressive reformers
     • more pragmatic
   • reject of laissez-faire orthodoxy
   • "trust-busters"
     • enforcement of anti-trust laws
   • "associationalists"
     • cooperation between business, labor, and government
   • "economic planners"
     • centralized national planning

8. Mexican Americans

   • send immigrants and naturalized citizens to Mexico to reduce relief roles
   • apply literacy test
   • intensive raids
   • Farm Security Administration established camps for workers
   • CCC and WPA hired unemployed Mexican Americans
   • not eligible for benefits under workers' compensation, Social Security, and the National Labor Relations Act

9. Native Americans

   • Indian New Deal
   • erasing a Native American identity
     • Court of Indian Offenses
     • Indian schools took Indian children away from their families and tribes
   • Dawes Act
     • Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
   • Indian Emergency Conservation Program (IECP)

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