Mind map

The online world

humzy_m English

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The online world

Online services 1
- Communication
  - E.G. Emails, social networking, blogs
    - used to talk to friends on skype, which exchanges information
      - Benefits
        instant response, no additional cost, socialising
- real time information
  - E.G. News, sport updates, weather reports
    - to estimate the traffic, weather or arrival times of flights, routes and day.
      - Benefits
        there is up-to-date information companies can use for customers to improve advertisments
- commerce
  - E.G. Banking, auctions, Online sales
    - used if you are selling something through amazon or ebay
      - Benefits
        Allows you to carry out transactions seamlessly and globally
- Government
  - E.G. Tax returns, e-voting, application
    - used to apply for first provisional driving licience
      - Benefits
        saves time and more convenient
- Education
  - E.G. Online learning, online training, online tutorials
    - using microsoft training packaging
      - Benefits
        allows your to train from own comfort
- Virtual learning environment (VLE)
  - E.G. Moodle and balckboards
    - schools may use it too access assignments and to submit it
      - Benefits
        cost effective for schools
- Business
  - E.G. Collaborative working and video conferencing
    - used to see price comparisions
      - Benefits
        you can get best price for products
- Entertainment
  - E.G Radio, tv players video streaming
    - used to play games with other users
      - Benefits
        enhances games as you can play with other people
- Download services
  - E.G. Music, films, news software
    - used to download uses from itunes
      - Benefits
        much easier and more affordable
Online services 2
- Online advertising
  - Search engine results page
    - Companies can register with bigger companies such as google, bing and yahoo so their websites appear higher up the list when user does a search
  - Banner and pop up advertisments
    - They appear at the top of web pages often animated to catch attention
  - Email marketing
    - Emails to send adverts to customers can be seen as spam
  - Online advertising need to capture advertising through the use of design features and retain the customers interest
  - pay - per - click advertising
    - Web pages hosting ads for other companies. if clicked on ad then directed to website.
    - Affliate Model: website that is attatched to another comapny's website, ggogle AD Awards and Yahoo! search marketing are all big in this field.
Online documents
- Compressing Files
  - Files can very large when downloading documents to reduce this files have to be compressed before transmission and then expanded after transmission
  - Zip files are stores of data that are compressed. The last item in a zip file is an index which shows placement of each data. Zip file has program cade to unzip zipped files
  - Benefits of online software
    - Access anywhere there is internet available
    - Access through different devices
    - Access on different operating systems
  - Back up files
    - When you have a copy of the file,this means you can go back to file if your original is corrupted or deleted
    - They is also automatic back up which some software programs set, This include microsoft word.
- Controls over online documents
  - Version control
    - To track document when sharing documents to see the most up-to-date version. This could be done by either locking the document or including dates on the documents.
  - File permissions
    - Access for only specific users
      - Read only
        User can only look at the document and make no changes
      - Read/write
        User can look at document and also make changes
      - Full control
        User can do anything to document including deleting it
Online communication 1
- Contemporary social media
  - Online communities
    - A community that only exist online. This could be referred as network of friends
    - There is a netiquette set for each social mdie. Netiquette is a set rulles a perosn accepts when on social media
  - Information exchanges
    - Web logs: online journal which allow people to express their feelingsand thoughts
    - Microblogging sites: allows user to create and exchange short text. e.g. twitter
    - Wikis: websites that provide information which members of the wiki can edit or extend
    - Chatrooms: A community where poeple take part in the same chat at the same time
  - Podcast
    - Audio or video that can be downloaded from the internet
  - VLE
    - Education system based on web facilities
    - Sometimes can work in real time. Learners could also hand in work and teachers could give feedback through VLE.
  - Social networking websites
    - Sites can allow members of the online community to interact a communicate by creating a profile.
Online commnication 2
- Implication of online communication
  - Social networking
    - Provides a great way to stay in touch with friends and family. We are able to communicate in real time any where around the world
  - Instant Messaging
    - Provide method to exchange messages through real time
      - Limitations
        viruses can spread
        Emotions can be miscommunicated within instant messaging
  - VoIP
    - Allows people to interact in real time using voice, can do anywhere aorund the world, no additional cost, connect with relatives, it is used for buisinesses
      - Limitations
        Reliability may not work if there is power cut
        Voice quality can be distorted
        Security can be identity theft, viruses, spamming and phishing
Cloud computing and ubiquitous computing systems
- Cloud computing and cloud storage
  - Cloud computing is when data is saved on external hardrive instead of user's computer. this is know as Host. the organisations are know as Hosting companies
  - Cloud storage it is where only the torage, access and facilities by the host provider
  - Benefits
    - There is no additional cost only for storage
    - Data available anywhere in the world
  - Limitations
    - The host may not have the lastest and fastest version
    - Security of data is kept by host so you have no control
    - The speed of data may be slow
    - You may not be able to access data through host
- Ubiquitous computing is when there is proccessors emmbedded into everyday object
  - RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
    - Uses radio waves to tag on a person or object whihc can be indentified or tracked
  - Furturistic examples of RFID chips
    - A car inform owner for serving, book itself into garage and place orders
    - A fridge monitors content compile a order as food is used and add list into user's online shopping list
- For example cat flap only opens for cat with correct RFID chip
The internet
- Bandwidth and transmission rate
  - Bandwidth measures how much data can be carried over a network over a certian amount of time
  - High bandwidth has more information over a certian time so more transmission rate
  - Transmission rate is the number of pieces that is transferred over time
WWW(World Wide Web)
- WWW is the content of the webpages
- Hyperlink: takes the user to a different website
- Web server: it is it's job to deliver web pages
- Web pages are viewed through web browsers
- HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language)
  - HTML is a computer language used to create web pages
  - Relies on a series of tags
    - HTML element is pairs of tags
  - There is an opening tag and an end tag. E.G. <body> </body>
  - There are tags used to colour, position text, graphic and media on the website
WWW 2
- URLs (Uniform Resource Locator)
  - String of characters to identify web pages
  - Three components: http://uk.msn.com/sport http:// is the protocol, msn.com is the domain name and /sport is the path
- Search engines
  - Able to find web pages on a particular topic, through google, yahoo bing etc..
  - Ranked according to popularity
  - Search engines look for best match for topic searched by user
  - Data is stored on the search engines database
Email
- When email is sent it is stored on an email server until recipient opens email, which the server than forward it to the email. This is know as store and forward system
- Address book: where you can keep people contact details
- Attachments: you can send messages with attatchments, e.g/ photos, documents etc...
- Multiple recipients: Able to send the same message to mutiple of poeple at the same time. CC is people can see who else you ahve sent it to, BCC is people cannot see who else you ahve sent it to
- Email protocol are set of rules which allows computers to send and recieve messages from a network
Data exchange 1
- VoIP
  - Computer has microphone, speaker or headphone which allow output and broadband connection used to transmit and recieve voice communication
  - The software used for VoIP has mainly encoding and decoding program which is called a codec. Program is used to digitise onalogue signal, compress it and then split is into internet packets for transmission. it does the reverse at the end
  - Pheripheral: devices such as printer which is attached to computer
- Wireless connection
  - Another means where data can be exchanged between computer and network
  - Wireless is any network servicing computer, usually uses radio waves but also infrared communication
  - To connect all devices need to have netwrok interface card(NI card) to gain access to network
  - One important benefit could is mobility so less wires and desks are tangled
Data exhchange 2
- Transmission modes
  - Simplex modes: Send data one direction at a time. for example TV remote
  - Half- duplex: Send data two directions but not at the same time, half - duplex could be used to maximise bandwidth, for example printer
  - Full- duplex: Sends data two directions at the same time, for example mibile phone
- Parallel and serial transmission
  - Parallel
    - Bits of data are transferred simultaneously over same amount of time, bits are moved in bytes together. it has short range max of 5m popular to connect to printer.
  - Serial
    - Bits of data are transferred one at a time over a single wire, reduces cost but have slower rate. Some additional complexity as bytes is disassembled into bits for transmission and then reassembled after reciept. Can be used over large distances
- USB (Universal Serial Bus)
  - Serial transmission that make connection to many computers, used in variety of devices
- Bi - directional transmission
  - Several meanings but usually to transmit data in both directions. Applied to optic fibres carries light in one and signal in the other direction
- Client - side processing
  - Use of script language to create codes on web pageswhich provides interactivity. interaction takes place with the web page and code is downloaded onto user's computer when web page is opened
  - Example, is roll over where codes are triggered when mouse is moved. this could be for an advertisement or demand for data entry
  - Benefits
    - Speed: interaction is faster once code is downloaded with the page
    - Security: it is more secure as all acton are on the downlaod and not the browser which cause corruption and security problems
  - Limitations
    - Browser specific: not all scripts work same way on browser, may have to create different versions
    - Computer speed: speed of download and proccess will depend on computer system, if proccess is complex may run slowly or cuase toher programs to run slowly on the system
- Server side processing
  - Uses which resides and run on another computer on the internet. informaiotn is submitted to server which proccesses to provide results in form of web pages
  - Example: search through search engine whihc matches phrase against an index of website content on web server using scripts
  - Benefits
    - Efficiency: complex code runs efficiently and don't have to downloaded on to user's computer
    - Browser independant: can be run on any web browser
    - Speed: affected only by speed of the web server, all proccess is done on the web server, most proccesses takes place on highly resoured and speedy server
  - Limitations
    - Security: exchange of data over network can cause security risks
    - Overloading: server neeeds to be able to cope with large voluems of users
Data storage 1
- Database structure
  - Database is collection of data. the data about a certian topic is stored in a table. Every row hold information about a single item this is called a record. Every column holds information about property of the item this is called field.
- Data types
  - Text: Sequence of letters, number and other symbols. Someone's names would be a text field. Field can accept a multi-line text whihc is called a memo field
  - Number: Shows numerical value, products price, number of items left. Allow you to produce a report to sum up all the prices and products sold.
  - Date/time: Stores dates or combination of dates and time
  - Logical: Represents value could be true or false. Example, cumstomer opens account with online company they might be asked about opinion which is stored in a logical field
- Relationships between database tables
  - Benefit is easy with which the informaiton they hold can be assessed
  - Primary key identify each record in the table
  - Foriegn key is a field is used to cross reference and access associate information accross tables
Data storage 2
- Online database
  - Can only be accessed through network, usually found by using a search engine, speacial database is available to help users build online database. Basic software is free but pay for upgrades which give you more sophisticated things such as keepandshare, vectorwise and microsoft
  - Quiite often held by hosting service which supplies software as part of cloud storage. Online database has many different types, form cartoons to financial information
- Database management systems (DBMS)
  - DBMS are programs which can create any database you need
  - Allows you to create, maintain, search and sort data. Allows different users to access database at the same time provide different level of access
  - SQL (Structured query language)
    - High level language which undertake management activity
      - Data definition language (DDL): Data is used to define database structure
      - Data Munipulation language(DML): Used to add, delete, change and query the data which is held in database structure
    - SQL generates codes used by DBMS
Possible threats to data 1
- Types of threats
  - Oppurtunity threats: Poeple find unattended computer may view, steal or damage information, programs or even hardware.
  - Computer viruses: small programs which replicate and spread on computer, never beneficial and could make changes to the system real damage whihc are undesirable
  - Other malware: Example of malware is computer worms, trojan which allow full access to ahcker never beneficial
  - Phishing: Threat which attempt to get password, financial details. Often done by email pretending to be from true website, instant messaging and social networking.
  - Accidental damage: Cause natural disaster, mischief or accidental msihap result in losing computer's data.
- Importance of security
  - It is important to have 100% protection
Possible threats data 2
- Way to protect data
  - Physical barriers: Turn off computers and lock offices when system is undamaged to prvent damage
  - Password control of access: Password to have access to computer should be at least 8 characters with one capital, lower case letters and number and symbol
  - Access levels: Allow certian people to ahve access to prevent mistakes
  - Anti - virus software; Intercept computer before virus enter computer. Can isolate virus, remove it and sometimes repair any damage
  - Firewall: Monitors all data entering computer from internet, stop it if it thinks it is harmful or unwanted
  - Encryption: codify data cannot be read by anyonewho does not have key to code. Algorithm is applied to data at the transmission end and the reverse is appplied at the reception end.
  - Backup and recovery: recovers total disatsters. Many types: full system backup all data, incremental back of data or files and backups to removal media
- Personal safety
  - Dangers to identify thefts if revealed too much on social networking, can affect both security and reputation, may not want epopel to see embrassing or harmful things.
  - Use security privacy and identity. not everyone is true on social networking. do not reveal information that you may use for password such as pet's name

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Description: Mind Map on The online world, created by humzy_m on 10/07/2015.
Created by: humzy_m
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