Practical Research (Jean Ellis Ormrod).

Practical Research (Jean Ellis Ormrod).

1. Student's name: Laura Ibethe Mota Gutierrez. LEAIES 5to semester

2. Case Study

   • In a case study, a particular individual program or event is studied in depth for a defined period of time.
     • Method
       • The researcher collects extensive data on the individual, program on the event is focused. (Observations, interviews, documents, newspaper, etc.
         • Data Analysis
           • Organization of details about the case
           • Interpretation of single instanses
           • categorization of data
           • Identification of patterns
           • Synthesis and generalizations
           • Te research report
             • A rationale for studying the case
             • A detailed description of the facts related to the case
             • A description of the data you collected
             • A discussion of the patterns you found
             • A connection to the larger scheme of tnings

3. Phenomenological Study

   • In its broadest sense, the term phenomenology refers to a person's perception of the meaning of an event, as opposed to the event as it exists external to the person
     • Method
       • Phenomenological researchers depend almost exclusively on lengthy interviews (perhaps one to two hours in length).
         • Data Analysis
           • Identify statements that related to the topic
           • Group statements into meaning units
           • seek divergent perspectives
           • construct a composite
           • Te research report
             • Your report should be sufficiently vivid that your readers come away feeling that " I understand better what it is like for someone to experience that"

4. Ethnography

   • In an ethnography, the researcher looks at an entire group. The focus of the investigation is on the everyday behaviors (interactions, language, rituals).
     • Method
       • Prolonged engagement in the cultural group natural setting gives the researcher time to observe and record processes that would be almost impossible to learn about by using any other approach.
         • Data Analysis
           • Description
           • Analysis
           • Interpretation
           • Te research report
             • 1. An introduction that provides a rationale and context for the study
             • 2. A description of the setting and metbods
             • An analysis of the culture studied
             • A conclusion

5. Content Analysis

   • A content analysis is detailed and systematic examination of the contents of a particular body of material
     • Method
       • 1.The researcher identifies the specific body of material to be studied.
       • 2. The researcher defines the characteristics or qualities to be examined in precise.
       • 3. The researcher breaks down each item into small, manageable segments that are analyzed separately.
       • 4. The researcher scrutinizes the material for instances of each characteristic or quality defined instep 2.
       • Data Analysis
         • Almost invariably, one crucial step in a content analysis is quantitative as well as qualitative.
           • Te research report
             • 1. A description of the body of material you studied.
             • 2. Precise definitions and descriptions of the characteristics you looked for.
             • 3. The coding or rating procedure.
             • 4. Tabulations for each characteristic.
             • 5. A description of patterns that the data reflect.

6. Grounded Theory Study

   • The major purpose of a grounded theory approach is, to begin with the data and use them to develop a theory.
     • Metod
       • Data collection is field-based, flexible, and likely to change over the course of the study. Interviews typically play a major role in data collection but observations, documents, historical records, videotapes, and anything else of potential relevance to the research question may also be used.
         • Data Analysis
           • Open coding: is a process of reducing the data to a small set of themes that appear to describe the phenomenon under investigation.
           • Axial coding: interconnections are made among categories and subcategories
           • Selective coding: The categories and their interrelationship are combined to form a story line that describes "What happens" in the phenomenon being studied.
           • Development of a theory: A theory in the form of a verbal statement, visual model, or series of hypotheses is offered to explain the phenomenon in question.
           • The research report
             • 1: A description of the research question
             • 2: A review of the related literature.
             • 3: A description of your methodology and data analysis.