33704281
Description
Mind Map by Mario Marquez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mario Marquez
over 2 years ago
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Language
- Bloch & Trager’s
definition
- “A language is a
system of
arbitrary vocal
symbols by
means of which
a social group
cooperates.”
- “A language is a
system of
arbitrary vocal
symbols by
means of which
a social group
cooperates.”
- Noah Chomsky’s
Definition
- “From now on I will
consider a language to be
a set (finite or infinite)
of sentences, each finite
in length and
constructed out of a
finite set of elements.”
- “From now on I will
consider a language to be
a set (finite or infinite)
of sentences, each finite
in length and
constructed out of a
finite set of elements.”
- Derbyshire’s Definition
- “Language is undoubtedly a
kind of means of
communication among human
beings. It consists primarily of
vocal sounds. It is articulatory,
systematic, symbolic and
arbitrary.”
- “Language is undoubtedly a
kind of means of
communication among human
beings. It consists primarily of
vocal sounds. It is articulatory,
systematic, symbolic and
arbitrary.”
- Aristotle’s Definition
- “Language is a speech
sound produced by human
beings to express their
ideas, emotions, thoughts,
desires and feelings.”
- “Language is a speech
sound produced by human
beings to express their
ideas, emotions, thoughts,
desires and feelings.”
- Origins (Theories)
- Humanistic theory
- Argues that humans had a active and agentive role on
the creation of language, purposefully developing
language over time through rationalization in order to
fulfill the psychological and social need to
communicate.
- Argues that humans had a active and agentive role on
the creation of language, purposefully developing
language over time through rationalization in order to
fulfill the psychological and social need to
communicate.
- Natural Sound Source
- Argues that early language
was created by ancient
humans imitating the
sounds of their
surroundings.
- Argues that early language
was created by ancient
humans imitating the
sounds of their
surroundings.
- Social Interaction Source
- Argues that language started as
social grunts and groans with the
purpose of coordinating as a
group.
- Argues that language started as
social grunts and groans with the
purpose of coordinating as a
group.
- Physical Adaptation Source
- Argues that language is the
natural result of humans
evolving adaptations that
enable it to occur.
- Argues that language is the
natural result of humans
evolving adaptations that
enable it to occur.
- Genetic Source /
Chomsky's single step
theory
- Argues that the ability to produce and comprehend
human language is because we are genetically encoded
with a universal grammar that helps us learn
effortlessly at a young age.
- Argues that the ability to produce and comprehend
human language is because we are genetically encoded
with a universal grammar that helps us learn
effortlessly at a young age.
- Divine Source
- Argues that
language was
created and given to
us by a higher
power.
- Argues that
language was
created and given to
us by a higher
power.
- Tool Making Source
- Argues that learning to use and make tools
indirectly helped us develop language, due to the
lateralization of the human brain.
- Argues that learning to use and make tools
indirectly helped us develop language, due to the
lateralization of the human brain.
- Humanistic theory
- Types of communication systems
- Natural (Human)
- Design Features
- Interchangeability
- Every human is able to hear,
comprehend and speak it.
- Every human is able to hear,
comprehend and speak it.
- Feedback
- Speakers are capable of
understanding what they are
emitting.
- Speakers are capable of
understanding what they are
emitting.
- Learnability
- Any human is capable is learning any
variation of the language.
- Any human is capable is learning any
variation of the language.
- Semanticity
- Meaning is constructed through
links between signifiers, referents
and meanings.
- Meaning is constructed through
links between signifiers, referents
and meanings.
- Specialization
- Language’s only purpose is to communicate.
- Language’s only purpose is to communicate.
- Displacement
- The expression of ideas is not limited
by space nor time.
- The expression of ideas is not limited
by space nor time.
- Productivity
- The number of unique messages that can be
produced is infinite.
- The number of unique messages that can be
produced is infinite.
- Prevarication
- The communicator is capable of forming messages that lack
sense, logic or truth.
- The communicator is capable of forming messages that lack
sense, logic or truth.
- Tradition
- The system of communication must be learnt from an
experienced user.
- The system of communication must be learnt from an
experienced user.
- Discreteness
- The units that form a language are
consistent and identifiable.
- The units that form a language are
consistent and identifiable.
- Arbitrariness
- Inherent connections between
words and their meanings are
mostly absent
- Inherent connections between
words and their meanings are
mostly absent
- Duality of patterning
- Smaller units that possess no
meaning can form meaning by
combining into signs, while signs can
recombine and fuse to create new
meaning.
- Smaller units that possess no
meaning can form meaning by
combining into signs, while signs can
recombine and fuse to create new
meaning.
- Reflexiveness
- The users of the communication system are aware of it’s
existence and therefore are able to analyze it.
- The users of the communication system are aware of it’s
existence and therefore are able to analyze it.
- Interchangeability
- Used by humans and created
naturally through centuries of
uncontrolled development.
- Design Features
- Artificial
- Purposefully created.
No capacity to evolve or
change without outside
input.
- Purposefully created.
No capacity to evolve or
change without outside
input.
- Non-human
- Not used by humans and possesses
different properties that vary by
species.
- Not used by humans and possesses
different properties that vary by
species.
- Natural (Human)
- Mario Marquez
Metropolitan University
Linguistics 1
- References
- Courleander V. (n/d) Lingüística l: FPTLI02 Universidad Metropolitana Retrieved from:
https://new.edmodo.com/groups/2122-1-linguistica-1-37996917/folders Hakim A. (2018, June 25)
Definition of Language by Different Scholars and Linguists English Finders Retrieved from:
https://englishfinders.com/definition-of-language-by-scholars/#Aristotle Joy R. (2019, June 14)
Born This Way: Chomsky’s Theory Explains Why We’re So Good at Acquiring Language Healthline
Retrieved from:
https://www.healthline.com/health/childrens-health/chomsky-theory#linguists-debate O’Grady,
W., J. Archibald, M. Aronoff and J. Rees-Miller (2005) Contemporary Linguistics (chapter 17) (5th
edition) Bedford/St. Martin’s Press Owlapps editors (n/d) Theory of Language Retrieved from:
http://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=62779851&lang=en Yule, G. (2006). The study
of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Courleander V. (n/d) Lingüística l: FPTLI02 Universidad Metropolitana Retrieved from:
https://new.edmodo.com/groups/2122-1-linguistica-1-37996917/folders Hakim A. (2018, June 25)
Definition of Language by Different Scholars and Linguists English Finders Retrieved from:
https://englishfinders.com/definition-of-language-by-scholars/#Aristotle Joy R. (2019, June 14)
Born This Way: Chomsky’s Theory Explains Why We’re So Good at Acquiring Language Healthline
Retrieved from:
https://www.healthline.com/health/childrens-health/chomsky-theory#linguists-debate O’Grady,
W., J. Archibald, M. Aronoff and J. Rees-Miller (2005) Contemporary Linguistics (chapter 17) (5th
edition) Bedford/St. Martin’s Press Owlapps editors (n/d) Theory of Language Retrieved from:
http://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=62779851&lang=en Yule, G. (2006). The study
of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- References
Media attachments
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