ISOTOPES AND NUCLEAR REACTION

ISOTOPES AND NUCLEAR REACTION

1. ISOTOPES- ATOMS WITH THE SAME AMOUNT OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF NEUTRONS

2. MASS NUMBER- TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTONS IN AN ATOM

   • TOP NUMBER

3. ATOMIC NUMBER

   • NUMBER OF PROTONS IN AN ATOM (EQUAL TO THE CHARGE OF THE NUCLEAS
     • BOTOM /SMALLER NUMBER

4. RADIOACTIVE DELAY- WHEN AN UNSTABLE NUCLEAUS DECAYS INTO ANOTHER ELEMENT AND GIVES OUT RADIATION TO BECOME MORE STABLE

5. IONISING RADIATION- ALPHA BETA GAMMA, RADIATION THAT KNOCKS ELECTRONS OFF ATOMS CREATING POSITIVE IONS

6. ALPHA

   • CONSISTS OF 2 NEUTRONS AND 2 PROTONS (HELIUM NUCLEAUS)
   • ABSORBED BY- SHEET OF PAPER
   • RANGE IN AIR - FEW CENTIMETERS
   • IONISING POWER - STRONG
   • USED IN SMOKE DETECTORS

7. BETA

   • CONSISTS OF- FAST MOVING ELECTRON FROM NUCLEAUS
   • ABSORBED BY- SHEET OF ALUMINIUM
   • RANGE IN AIR- FEW METERS
   • IONISING POWER- MODERATE
   • USED IN MATERIAL THICKNESS TESTING

8. GAMMA

   • CONSISTS OF - ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM NUCLEAUS
   • ABSORBED BY - THICK SHEETS OF LEAD
   • RANGE IN AIR - LONGER DISTANCES
   • IONISING POWER - WEAK
   • USED IN MEDICAL TRACERS

9. GAMMA DECAY - MASS AND CHARGE STAY THE SAME

10. BETA DECAY - MASS STAYS THE SAME, CHARGE INCREASES

    • DURING BETA DECAY A NEUTRON IN THE NUCLEAUS TURNS INTO A PROTON

11. ALPHA DECAY MASS DECRESES CHARGE DECREASES